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GGH1501 > unit 1-nature of geo thinking > Flashcards

unit 1-nature of geo thinking Flashcards

1
Q

Def Geography

A

study people, places + environment
explore, describe + explain world we live in
(natural environ. , human activity, why occur in specific locations + how interact one another)

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2
Q

define Geographers

A

examine earth surface, natural + human processes that shape it, r.ships b.tween people + environment + interactions

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3
Q
  • Geographical phenomenon- define
A
  • interesting facts / events can be observes + studied, unusual / difficult to explain
  • whats present + where it is
    e. g distribution of volcanoes surround pacific ocean
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4
Q 
physical geography (natural science)
human geography ( social science
A

studies characteristics- physical environment (climate, soil, vegetation)
studies group people + activities ) lang, industry, buildings

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5
Q

cartography

A

mapmaking

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6
Q

remote sensing

A

mapping earth from satellites + aircraft

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7
Q
  • 3 types of regions:
A

formal: uniformity in 1 / more physical / cultural feature ( e.g climate type, lang area)
functional : interactions amongst places (e.g trade / communications)
vernacular: ‘everyday lang’ (popular perception by people within / outside them

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8
Q

*spatial analysis

A

patterns in distribution of people, environment / processes + interaction b.ween places / regions

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9
Q

*spatial distribution

A

position, placement / arrangement throughout space

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10
Q

distribution of phenomenon (factors)

A
  1. density: frequency / occurrence- phenomenon in relation to area (number per km2)
  2. concentration : distribution-phenomenon within area (can be concentrated together / dispersed
  3. pattern: geometric arrangements-objects within area
    [trellis pattern: right-angled]
    [dendritic pattern: tree like]
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11
Q
  • Diffusion- define + name types
A

item / feature that’s spread across space

  1. relocation ( people / things move b.ween 2 points)
  2. contiguous / contagious ( 1 place to next though contact e.g virus)
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12
Q
  • system- define

name types of spheres

A

interdependent group-items that interact regular way to form unified whole

  1. atmosphere-(AIR) layer gases around earth. movement air causes weather / climate
  2. hydrosphere- (WATER) lakes, sea, rivers on earths surface
  3. lithosphere- ( ROCK)- solid earth. stone
  4. biosphere- (LIFE)- all living organisms on earth
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13
Q

types maps:

A

conformal maps: distort size but preserve shape
equal area maps: preserve size but distort shape
topographic maps: show elevation, terrain features (roads, buildings, power lines)

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14
Q

GPS:

A

global positioning system (precise position of something on earth)

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15
Q

map scale

A

size map compared to actual size on earth

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16
Q

3 ways map scales can be presented:

A

1) ration / fraction (numbers) 1:10 000 ( 1 unit of map = 10 000 units on ground
2) written scale (words) (1 centimetre equals 10 kilometres)
3) graphic scale (barline) (use rule-distance (cm/mm) on map, hold ruler against bar line. read number of bar line)

17
Q

Projection + its types

A

transfer locations on earths surface to flat map

types: cylindrival, conic, azimuthal

18
Q
  • projection distortions
A

1) shape (appears distorted compared to reality)
2) distance (distance between 2 points= increased / decreased)
3) relative size (1 area appears larger but in reality = smaller)
4) direction (distorted from 1 place to another)

19
Q

Toponym

A

name given to place on earth

20
Q

API

A

applications processing interface (links database to software)

21
Q

space time compression

A

reduction in time for something to reach another place

e.g using boats to aeroplane for transport

22
Q

spatial interaction

A

places connect through each other through network

23
Q

distance decay

A

interaction b.ween groups + contact diminish as distance increases + eventually disappear

24
Q

ecosystem

A

group living organisms + spheres in which they interact

25
Q

ecology

A

scientific study of ecosystem

26
Q

cultural ecology

A

study human- environment r.ships

how adjust to environment + how modify it

27
Q

spatial location

A

describe= place, features, facilities, regions to absolute (numbers CT is 33~54’’17s) / relative locations (words CT is located 2km)

28
Q

why locations on earth = unique + how interrelated

4 marks

A
  • each place =distinct site + situation features (soil, climate, water etc,)
  • many places = NB- accessible to other places
  • connections b.ween places result= spatial interaction
  • characteristics from 1 place spreads to another (diffusion)
29
Q

interaction b.ween biosphere + abiotic physical system

4 marks

A

living organism in biosphere interact with:

  • lithosphere (rock / earth): where plants + animals live, get food + shelter
  • hydrosphere (water): where drink water+ physical support from aquatic life
  • atmosphere (air): provides air- animals + protects against sun
therefore a piece soil has:
minerals from lithosphere
moisture form hydrosphere
pocket air from atmosphere
plant +insect matter from biosphere
30
Q

spatial association

A

joint covariance - 2 / more phenomenon across space

31
Q

global spatial distribution

A

climate, precipitation, temp, soil, biomes & population

32
Q

spatial variation

A

how phenomenon VARIES across space

  • not all places have same climate / population varies from area to area
  • some areas warm (SA) / cold (ENGLAND)
  • soil types, weather & habits cause variations in areas
33
Q

human environment interaction

4marks

A

ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINISM : physical enviro caused by social development
(e.g temp Europe caused better health conditions + lower death rates)

POSSIBILISM: physical environment may limit some human actions but person has ability to adjust to enviro
(e.g people chose crops by because it thrives in their environment)

34
Q

example continuous spatial distribution

example discrete spatial distribution

A

climate regions

weather stations / school / dam

35
Q

CLIMATE varies due to factors:

A 
high / low pressure zone
heat exchange from ocean currents
mountain distribution
pattern-winds
altitude

GGH1501 (7 decks)

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