Unit 4- Organic Structure

Question 1

Describe the relationship between boiling point and chain length

Answer 1

boiling point increases with chain length (increased dispersion forces)

Question 2

Does a ‘cis’ or a ‘trans’ geometrical isomer have similar substituents on the opposite side of a double bond?

Answer 2

‘cis’

Question 3

Name the classes of organic compounds that have functional groups that contain nitrogen?

Answer 3

Amines, amides and nitriles

Question 4

Name the classes of organic compounds that have functional groups with oxygen in them?

Answer 4

Alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and esters

Question 5

Sequence in order of increasing solubility in water - carboxylic acid, ketone, alcohol

Answer 5

Ketone, alcohol, carboxylic acid (dipole only, H-bonding, 2x H- bonding)

Question 6

A substance with a low melting point and high solubility in cyclohexane is most likely to be an _______.

Answer 6

Alkane / hydrocarbon

Question 7

What are the prefixes used to represent the number of carbons? List 1-10

Answer 7

Meth, eth, prop, but, pent, hex, hept, oct, non, dec

Question 8

What are the prefixes used to show multiple branches of the same type?

Answer 8

Di, tri, tetra and penta

Question 9

What class/es of organic compounds contain a carbonyl functional group?

Answer 9

Aldehydes and ketones

Question 10

What class of organic compound contains a hydroxyl functional group?

Answer 10

alcohols

Question 11

What differs between primary, secondary and tertiary amides?

Answer 11

The number of alkyl (R) groups attached to the nitrogen atom

Question 12

What does the functional group of an ester look like?

Answer 12

They have a carbon that has both a carbonyl group and an oxygen that is linked to another carbon

Question 13

What does the name of a branch end in?

Answer 13

‘yl’

Question 14

What does the suffix “ane” in a name represent?

Answer 14

Single bonds or saturated

Question 15

What does the suffix “ene” in a name represent?

Answer 15

The presence of one or more double bonds

Question 16

What does the suffix “yne” in a name represent?

Answer 16

The presence of one or more triple bonds

Question 17

What functional group do amides have?

Answer 17

An amine group attached to a carbon with a carbonyl group attached to it

Question 18

What functional group do carboxylic acids have?

Answer 18

Carboxyl functional group or COOH

Question 19

What is a carbonyl functional group?

Answer 19

A double bonded oxygen to a carbon (C=O)

Question 20

What is a carboxyl functional group?

Answer 20

COOH - a double bonded oxygen and a hydroxyl group attached to the same carbon

Question 21

What is a functional group?

Answer 21

An atom or a group of atoms in an organic compound that determines the reactivity and properties of that compound

Question 22

What is a geometrical isomer?

Answer 22

Compounds that have the same atoms but have a different arrangement of atoms around a double bond

Question 23

What is a homologous series?

Answer 23

A group of organic molecules with the same functional group but a different number of carbon atoms in the main chain

Question 24

What is a hydrocarbon?

Answer 24

An organic compound that only contains carbon and hydrogen

Question 25

What is a hydroxyl functional group?

Answer 25

OH

Question 26

What is a straight chained alkane?

Answer 26

A hydrocarbon that contains all single bonds with no branches

Question 27

What is a structural isomer?

Answer 27

Organic molecules that have the same molecular formula but different bonds between the atoms

Question 28

What is the difference between a primary, secondary and tertiary alcohol?

Answer 28

The number of carbon atoms attached to the carbon that the hydroxyl is attached to

Question 29

What is the difference between the positioning of the carbonyl functional group in ketones and aldehydes?

Answer 29

Aldehydes have the functional group on an end carbon. Ketones have them on a carbon in the middle of the parent chain

Question 30

What is the functional group in the nitrile class of organic molecules?

Answer 30

A carbon triple bonded to a nitrogen

Question 31

What is the rule when assigning a number to show the location of a functional group?

Answer 31

Always give the carbon that the functional group is attached to the lowest possible number

Question 32

What molecule are amines and amides derived from?

Answer 32

Ammonia (NH3)

Question 33

What suffix is used for amines?

Answer 33

‘amine’

Question 34

What suffix is used in the names of an ester?

Answer 34

……….’yl’……….’oate’

Question 35

What suffix is used in the names of carboxylic acids?

Answer 35

“oic acid”

Question 36

What suffix is used in the naming of alcohols?

Answer 36

‘ol’

Question 37

What suffix is used in the naming of the nitrile class of organic molecules?

Answer 37

‘nitrile’

Question 38

What suffix is used to name amides?

Answer 38

‘amide’

Question 39

What type of functional group does a haloalkane contain?

Answer 39

Halogens such as chlorine, bromine, fluorine and iodine

Question 40

Where is the hydroxyl functional group located in a primary alcohol?

Answer 40

It is always attached to a carbon on the end of a carbon parent chain

Question 41

Which is more volatile - pentane or dimethylpropane?

Answer 41

Dimethyl propane (branches reduce IMF strength)

Question 42

Why are the smaller alcohols e.g. ethanol more soluble in water?

Answer 42

Polar molecules that H-bond allows increased solubility. Smaller carbon chain does not interfer with the H- bonding.