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Chemistry > Unit 4- Chemical Synthesis > Flashcards

Unit 4- Chemical Synthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

Calculate the cell volatage produced by the hydrogen fule cell under acidic conditions

A

1.23V

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2
Q

Define what a reaction pathway is

A

A series of reactions that leads to the formation of the desired product.

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3
Q

Give the names of the three different categories of biofuels

A

First, second and third generation biofuels

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4
Q

How many principles of Green Chemistry are there?

A

12

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5
Q

Hydration of ethene is produced through the __________ ___________ of products from crude oil

A

Catalytic cracking

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6
Q

If tempertaure is increased during the Haber process, will the reactant or product be favoured?

A

Reactant

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7
Q

In the Haber process, in which direction does the the equilibrium shift if the pressure is increased?

A

Right

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8
Q

Is the haber process endothermic or exothermic?

A

Exothermic

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9
Q

List the 2 ways ethanol can be synthesised

A

Fermentation and hydration of ethene

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10
Q

List the requirements for fermentation.

A

Glucose from suitable grain, or fruit. Yeast. Constant temp (37 degrees) absence of air

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11
Q

Name an enzyme that can be used as a biological catalyst in the production of biodiesel.

A

lipase

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12
Q

Name the two main processes used for synthesising ethanol

A

Fermentation, hydration of ethene

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13
Q

Name the two methods that can be used to synthesise biodiesel

A

base-catalysed and lipase-catalysed methods

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14
Q

The process of converting one ester to another ester is called _________________

A

Transesterification

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15
Q

True or false. A fuel cell is type of
galvanic cell

A

TRUE

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16
Q

True or False. Both hydrogen fuel cells in acidic or basic conditions convert H2 & O2 into water.

A

TRUE

17
Q

True or False? Glycerin is a by-product of the production of biodiesel via transesterification of vegetable oil.

A

TRUE

18
Q

What are Biofuels?

A

Fuels produced from plants, algae or animal waste

19
Q

What does the contact process produce?

A

Sulphuric acid

20
Q

What does the Haber process produce?

A

Ammonia

21
Q

What do the twelve principles of green chemistry aim to reduce?

A

Waste, energy use, environmental impacts, risks & hazards

22
Q

What is biodiesel made from?

A

Triglycerides (fatty acids) and a short chained alcohol (eg methanol)

23
Q

What is steam reforming?

A

Production of hydrogen from fossil fuels

24
Q

What is the formula for the Haber Process?

A

N2(g) + 3H2(g) <-> 2NH3(g)

25
Q

What is the formula to calculate experimental atom economy?

A

Mass of desired product/Mass of all products x 100

26
Q

What is the formula to calculate theoretical atom economy?

A

(Molar mass of desired product x moles of product/Molar mass of all reactants x moles of reactants) x 100

27
Q

What is the Haber compromise?

A

Finding a temperature and pressure that produces enough Ammonia in adequate time without excessive costs or risks. 200atm at 450 degrees C

28
Q

What the name for the synthetic process used to synthesise sulfuric acid

A

contact process

29
Q

What type of fat is vegetable oil?

A

triglyceride

30
Q

When designing an optimal synthetic pathway there is a most often a competition between 2 factors. What are they?

A

The yield of product and the rate of formation of product.

31
Q

When producing Biodiesel from a trigylceride, what are the two products?

A

An ester and Gylcerol

32
Q

Why is vanadium oxide used as a catalyst in the production of sulphuric acid?

A

Increases the rate of reaction

33
Q

Why is water not added directly to sulphur trioxide in the contact process?

A

This would lead to an uncontrolled reaction. So the sulphur trioxide is added to sulphuric acid first before adding the water.

34
Q

Write the equation for the half reaction that occurs at the anode in a hydrogen fuel cell under acidic condictions

A

2H2 -> 4H+ + 4e-

35
Q

Write the equation for the half reaction that occurs at the cathode in a hydrogen fuel cell under alkaline conditions

A

O2 + 2H2O + 4e -> 4OH-

36
Q

Write the formula for the fermentation of glucose

A

C6H12O6(aq) -> 2C2H5OH(aq) + 2CO2

Chemistry (9 decks)

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