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Pathology And Pharmacy 309 > Unit 4: Nervous System > Flashcards

Unit 4: Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Nervous system: two subsystems

A

-Central nervous
-peripheral nervous

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2
Q

Peripheral nervous: function and subsystems

A

Links body to outside world
-Autonomic (involuntary functions)
-somatic (sensory info to brain and signals to muscles)

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3
Q

Autonomic system: 2 subsystems

A

-sympathetic (fight or flight)
-parasympathetic (rest and digest)

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4
Q

Parasympathetic neurotransmitter/receptor

A

Acetylcholine

Receptors:
-nicotinic
-muscarinic

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5
Q

Sympathetic neurotransmitter/ receptor

A

Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

Receptors:
-alpha
-beta

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6
Q

Path of nerve impulse across synapse

A

-axon
-synaptic cleft
-dendrite

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7
Q

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)

A

-enzyme in synapse
-breaks down acetylcholine

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8
Q

Cholinergic (parasympathetic) drugs function

A

Agonist- drugs that MIMIC acetylcholine
Antagonist-drugs that BLOCK acetylcholine
Anticholinesterase-blocks the enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine so there’s more acetylcholine to bind to receptors

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9
Q

Adrenergic (sympathetic) drugs function

A

-Alpha/beta agonists: bind to MIMIC epinephrine or norepinephrine
-alpha/beta antagonists: bind to BLOCK those

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10
Q

Locations of nicotinic. Receptors

A

-adrenal medulla
-neuromuscular junctions
-autonomic ganglia

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11
Q

Parasympathetic system effects on body (there are a lot you don’t have to know them all)

A

-(rest and digest)
-constrict pupils
-Increase saliva
-reduce heart rate
-constrict bronchia
-stimulate digestion
-stimulate pancreas
-stimulate gallbladder
-Constricts bladder
-stimulates general arousal

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12
Q

Sympathetic system effects on body

A

-(fight or flight)
-Dilates pupils
-Inhibits saliva
-Dilates bronchia
-Raises heart rate
-Inhibits digestive function
-Inhibits gallbladder
-Stimulates adrenaline
-Relaxes bladder
-stimulates orgasm

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13
Q

Beta-1 receptors location and function

A

-In heart
-increased force of contraction

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14
Q

Beta-2 receptors location and function

A

-Smooth muscle
-cause dilation in the lungs

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15
Q

Cholinergic agonist drug class

A

Parasympathomimetic or cholinergic agonist

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16
Q

Cholinergic agonist mechanism of action

A

-Binds to muscarinic and nicotinic receptors

17
Q

Example of cholinergic agonist

A

Pilocarpine (older class of glaucoma drug)

18
Q

Receptors that are generally excitatory for the sympathetic system

A

Alpha receptors with the exception of the gastrointestinal tract

19
Q

Receptors that are generally inhibitory for the sympathetic system

A

Beta receptors with the exception of the heart

20
Q

Anticholinesterase mechanism of action

A

-Drugs that inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase
-Act indirectly by allowing more acetylcholine to accumulate in the synapse and produce its effects


21
Q

Anticholinesterase examples and purpose

A

-echothiopate iodide
-Miotics that make the pupils constrict improving the outflow of aqueous humour and reducing intraocular pressure

22
Q

Anticholinergic mechanism of action

A

Drugs block the muscarinic receptors and inhibit the binding of acetylcholine to the receptors

23
Q

Anticholinergic examples and purpose

A

-homatropine
-cyclopentolate
-They dilate the pupil and stop accommodation from happening

24
Q

Sympathomimetic beta agonist mechanism of action

A

Direct action by binding to beta-2 receptors

25
Q

Sympathomimetic Alpha adrenergic agonist Mechanism of action

A

-Mimics the action of norepinephrine and Epinephrine by binding to alpha-1 or alpha-2 receptors


26
Q

Sympathomimetic beta agonist examples and purpose

A

-Dipevefrin
-Lowers intraocular pressure. A prodrug that converts to Epinephrine

27
Q

Sympathomimetic alpha adrenergic agonist examples and purpose

A

-phenylephrine: mydriasis And vasoconstriction

-brimonidine: Lower intraocular pressure

28
Q

Beta blocker mechanism of action

A

-Directly binds to beta receptors
-Maybe nonselective or selective in which beta receptor they bind
-Binding to beta receptors may block the action of epinephrine and result in bradycardia or bronchospasm

29
Q

Beta blocker examples and purpose

A

-timolol and levobunol hydrochloride (Non-selectively bind to beta-1 and beta-2 receptors)
-betaxolol hydrochloride (Selectively binds to beta-1 receptors)

30
Q

Alpha blocker mechanism of action

A

-Blocks the alpha adrenergic receptors in the dilator muscle of the iris

Pathology And Pharmacy 309 (7 decks)

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