Unit 4: Mendels Law

Question 1

a unit of inheritance passed from parents to offspring, segment of DNA sequence that gives the instructions to make a protein.

Answer 1

gene

Question 2

alteration in a gene; a change in DNA sequence that can alter a trait by changing the instructions that code for a protein.

Answer 2

Mutation

Question 3

different form of the same gene; mutation or changes in the DNA sequence can cause slightly different versions of the same gene or trait (code for different versions of the same trait, wild-type or most common form vs. mutant)

Answer 3

allele

Question 4

refers to the particular genes and alleles a person has, their DNA or genetic content

Answer 4

genotype

Question 5

refers to the observable traits or characteristics that result from a person’s genotype; genotype determines phenotype

Answer 5

phenotype

Question 6

allele or trait which masks any recessive allele paired with it; only need one copy of a dominant allele to see the effects; capital letter

Answer 6

dominant

Question 7

need two copies of this allele to see the trait, masked by a dominant allele; lowercase letter

Answer 7

Recessive

Question 8

both alleles of a pair are identical (diploid organism); AA, aa

Answer 8

homozygous

Question 9

the allele pair is not identical (Aa)

Answer 9

heterozygous

Question 10

situation where offspring inherit a pair of identical alleles for a trait generation after generation

Answer 10

pure bread