Unit 4: Memory & Learning Flashcards
any relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice
Learning
example: praise, tokens, gold stars
Secondary reinforcers
learning new behavior by watching a model perform that behavior.
ex: when the children were left alone in the room of toys aggressive and non aggressive behavior was shown
Observational learning
ringing of a bell with no food then ringing a bell with food (unconditioned stimulus)
Classical Conditioning
the learning of voluntary behavior through the effects of pleasant and unpleasant consequences to responses.
Operant Conditioning (voluntary)
conditioned to be scared of a white rat, he became afraid of other white and fuzzy things.
Watson; Little Albert study
any reinforcer that is naturally reinforcing by meeting a basic biological need, such as hunger, thirst, or touch.
Primary reinforcer
any reinforcer that becomes reinforcing after being paired with a primary reinforcer, such as praise, tokens, or gold stars.
Secondary reinforcer
any event or object that, when following a response, makes that response less likely to happen again.
Punishment
an active system that receives information from the senses, organizes and alters it as it stores it away, and then retrieves information from storage
Memory
getting information that is in storage into a form that can be used.
Retrieval
bits of information are combined into meaningful units, or chunks, so that more information can be held in STM
Chunking
a stimulus for remembering.
Retrieval cue
tendency of information at the beginning and end of a body of information to be remembered more accurately than information in the middle of the body of information.
Serial position effect
scientist who used dogs, a bell and saliva to prove we can be conditioned to neutral stimuli
Ivan Pavlov
