UNIT 4 Introduction to Body Systems Flashcards
homeostasis-
when systems work together the maintenance of a stable internal body environment
The skeletal system
is made up of bones, ligaments, and cartilage. The function is to support the body and protect important organs. It also makes blood cells.
Muscular system
the movement of body parts. It works with the skeletal system to help you move.
Cardiovascular system
moves blood through the body. The heart is the pump for this system. Blood flows through blood vessels.
Lymphatic system
returns leaked fluid back to the blood. As a major part of the immune system, it has cells that help get rid of invading bacteria and viruses.
Respiratory system
The main function is to take in oxygen and eliminate carbon dioxide
Digestive system
breaks down food into nutrients that can be used by the body. The stomach breaks down food into tiny pieces. Nutrients are absorbed in the small intestines.
Excretory system
gets rid of the body’s wastes. The urinary system removes waste from the blood. The skin, lungs, and digestive system also remove waste from the body.
Nervous system
collects information and responds to it by sending electrical messages. This information may come from outside or inside the body. The brain is the center of the nervous system.
Endocrine system
made up of various glands that secrete hormones
The male reproductive system
produces sperm and delivers it to the female reproductive system
The female reproductive system
produces eggs and nourishes a developing fetus
The integumentary system
the protective covering of the provides a protective covering for the body and aids in eliminating wastes
Ligament
The tough, flexible strand of connective tissue that holds bones together
joint
the place where two or more bones connect
tendon
connect skeletal muscle to bone
blood
body tissue made up of many types of cells suspended in a yellowish liquid
lymph
the leaked fluid
lymph node
are small bean-shaped organs that remove pathogens and dead cells from lymph
artery
BLOOD VESSEL THAT CARRIES BLOOD AWAY FROM THE HEART TO THE BODY’S ORGANS
capillary
A TNU BLOOD VESSEL THAT ALLOWS AND EXCHANGE BETWEEN BLOOD AND CELSS IN TISSUE
vein
A VESSEL THAT CARRIES BLOOD TO THE HEART
respiratory system
the main function is to take in oxygen and eliminate carbon dioxide
pharynx
PART OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM THAT EXTENDS FROM THE MOUTH TO THE LARYNX
larynx
It has walls of cartilage and muscle and contains the vocal cords.
trachea
CARRIES AIR TO THE LUNGS ALSO CALLED THE WINDPIPE
bronchi
THERE ARE TWO AND LEAD DIRECTLY TO THE LUNGS
alveoli
It is surrounded by blood vessels.
digestive system
breaks down food and absorbs nutrients
enzyme
proteins that speed up chemical reactions and help turn food particles into simple molecules
esophagus
ONCE FOOD IS CHEWED IT MOVES THROUGH THROAT TO THE ESOPHAGUS, MUSCLES CALLED PERISTALISIS MOVE FOOD TO STOMACH
stomach
MUSCULAR BAG THAT CURSHES FOOD AND CONTAINS ACIDS AND ENZYMES FOR KILLING BACTERIA DN BREAKING DOWN PROTEINS. In the stomach food is reduced to a soupy mixture called chime.
small intestine
CHYME FROM THE STOMACH MOVES TO SMALL INTESTINES, MOST OF THE CHEMICAL DIGESTION TAKES PLACE HERE
large intestine
from the small intestine now goes to the large intestines, where water is absorbed and most solids are eliminated from the body
liver
makes bile, which breaks fats into simpler molecules
pancreas
helps small intestines: makes fluid that breaks down every type of material found in foods: carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and nucleic acid
excretory system
removes cellular wastes from the body through the lungs, skin, and the urinary system
kidney
filter toxins and waste from the blood
nephron
millions of tiny filtering units inside each kidney
urine
The liquid excreted by the kidneys.
brain
The brain is a complex organ that controls, thought, memory, emotion, touch, motor skills, vision, breathing, temperature, hunger, and every process that regulates our body.
spinal cord
A column of nerve tissue running from the base of he brain throughout the vertebral column.
neuron
The neuron is the basic working unit of the brain, a specialized cell design to transmit information to other nerve cells, muscle or gland cells 
axon
is the conducting region of the neuron and is responsible for generating and transmitting impulses typically away from the cell body.
dendrite
The functions of dendrites are to receive signals from other neurons to process the signals, and to transfer the information to the soma of the neuron.
hormone
Hormones are the chemicals that regulate and control the activities of certain cells and organs .
gland
A cell group of cells or organ producing a secretion .
EXCRETORY SYSTEM
removes cellular wastes from the body through the lungs, skin, and the urinary system
LUNGS
the main organ of the respiratory system
HEMOGLOBIN
a protein which binds oxygen to the blood cell
PLASMA
the yellowish liquid in blood that contains salts, proteins, nutrients, and wastes
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
transports gases, nutrients, and wastes around the body
ATRIA
The upper chambers of the heart
VENTRICLES
the lower chambers of the heart
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood
BODY SYSTEMS
composed of tissues and organs which carry out one or more functions in the body
BODY MOVEMENT
the result of the work of antagonistic pairs of muscles working within the skeletal system
HORMONES
chemical messengers
integumentary system (skin)
remove toxic waste such as excess salts through sweating
Lungs
release water and toxic carbon dioxide when you exhale
kidneys
removes cellular waste products from the blood and into tiny structures within the kidneys
