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Science 7A > UNIT 4 Introduction to Body Systems > Flashcards

UNIT 4 Introduction to Body Systems Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

homeostasis-

A

when systems work together the maintenance of a stable internal body environment

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2
Q

The skeletal system

A

is made up of bones, ligaments, and cartilage. The function is to support the body and protect important organs. It also makes blood cells.

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3
Q

Muscular system

A

the movement of body parts. It works with the skeletal system to help you move.

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4
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

moves blood through the body. The heart is the pump for this system. Blood flows through blood vessels.

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5
Q

Lymphatic system

A

returns leaked fluid back to the blood. As a major part of the immune system, it has cells that help get rid of invading bacteria and viruses.

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6
Q

Respiratory system

A

The main function is to take in oxygen and eliminate carbon dioxide

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7
Q

Digestive system

A

breaks down food into nutrients that can be used by the body. The stomach breaks down food into tiny pieces. Nutrients are absorbed in the small intestines.

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8
Q

Excretory system

A

gets rid of the body’s wastes. The urinary system removes waste from the blood. The skin, lungs, and digestive system also remove waste from the body.

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9
Q

Nervous system

A

collects information and responds to it by sending electrical messages. This information may come from outside or inside the body. The brain is the center of the nervous system.

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10
Q

Endocrine system

A

made up of various glands that secrete hormones

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11
Q

The male reproductive system

A

produces sperm and delivers it to the female reproductive system

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12
Q

The female reproductive system

A

produces eggs and nourishes a developing fetus

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13
Q

The integumentary system

A

the protective covering of the provides a protective covering for the body and aids in eliminating wastes

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14
Q

Ligament

A

The tough, flexible strand of connective tissue that holds bones together

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15
Q

joint

A

the place where two or more bones connect

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16
Q

tendon

A

connect skeletal muscle to bone

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17
Q

blood

A

body tissue made up of many types of cells suspended in a yellowish liquid

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18
Q

lymph

A

the leaked fluid

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19
Q

lymph node

A

are small bean-shaped organs that remove pathogens and dead cells from lymph

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20
Q

artery

A

BLOOD VESSEL THAT CARRIES BLOOD AWAY FROM THE HEART TO THE BODY’S ORGANS

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21
Q

capillary

A

A TNU BLOOD VESSEL THAT ALLOWS AND EXCHANGE BETWEEN BLOOD AND CELSS IN TISSUE

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22
Q

vein

A

A VESSEL THAT CARRIES BLOOD TO THE HEART

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23
Q

respiratory system

A

the main function is to take in oxygen and eliminate carbon dioxide

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24
Q

pharynx

A

PART OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM THAT EXTENDS FROM THE MOUTH TO THE LARYNX

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25
Q

larynx

A

It has walls of cartilage and muscle and contains the vocal cords.

26
Q

trachea

A

CARRIES AIR TO THE LUNGS ALSO CALLED THE WINDPIPE

27
Q

bronchi

A

THERE ARE TWO AND LEAD DIRECTLY TO THE LUNGS

28
Q

alveoli

A

It is surrounded by blood vessels.

29
Q

digestive system

A

breaks down food and absorbs nutrients

30
Q

enzyme

A

proteins that speed up chemical reactions and help turn food particles into simple molecules

31
Q

esophagus

A

ONCE FOOD IS CHEWED IT MOVES THROUGH THROAT TO THE ESOPHAGUS, MUSCLES CALLED PERISTALISIS MOVE FOOD TO STOMACH

32
Q

stomach

A

MUSCULAR BAG THAT CURSHES FOOD AND CONTAINS ACIDS AND ENZYMES FOR KILLING BACTERIA DN BREAKING DOWN PROTEINS. In the stomach food is reduced to a soupy mixture called chime.

33
Q

small intestine

A

CHYME FROM THE STOMACH MOVES TO SMALL INTESTINES, MOST OF THE CHEMICAL DIGESTION TAKES PLACE HERE

34
Q

large intestine

A

from the small intestine now goes to the large intestines, where water is absorbed and most solids are eliminated from the body

35
Q

liver

A

makes bile, which breaks fats into simpler molecules

36
Q

pancreas

A

helps small intestines: makes fluid that breaks down every type of material found in foods: carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and nucleic acid

37
Q

excretory system

A

removes cellular wastes from the body through the lungs, skin, and the urinary system

38
Q

kidney

A

filter toxins and waste from the blood

39
Q

nephron

A

millions of tiny filtering units inside each kidney

40
Q

urine

A

The liquid excreted by the kidneys.

41
Q

brain

A

The brain is a complex organ that controls, thought, memory, emotion, touch, motor skills, vision, breathing, temperature, hunger, and every process that regulates our body.

42
Q

spinal cord

A

A column of nerve tissue running from the base of he brain throughout the vertebral column.

43
Q

neuron

A

The neuron is the basic working unit of the brain, a specialized cell design to transmit information to other nerve cells, muscle or gland cells 

44
Q

axon

A

is the conducting region of the neuron and is responsible for generating and transmitting impulses typically away from the cell body.

45
Q

dendrite

A

The functions of dendrites are to receive signals from other neurons to process the signals, and to transfer the information to the soma of the neuron.

46
Q

hormone

A

Hormones are the chemicals that regulate and control the activities of certain cells and organs .

47
Q

gland

A

A cell group of cells or organ producing a secretion .

48
Q

EXCRETORY SYSTEM

A

removes cellular wastes from the body through the lungs, skin, and the urinary system

49
Q

LUNGS

A

the main organ of the respiratory system

50
Q

HEMOGLOBIN

A

a protein which binds oxygen to the blood cell

51
Q

PLASMA

A

the yellowish liquid in blood that contains salts, proteins, nutrients, and wastes

52
Q

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

A

transports gases, nutrients, and wastes around the body

53
Q

ATRIA

A

The upper chambers of the heart

54
Q

VENTRICLES

A

the lower chambers of the heart

55
Q

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

A

includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood

56
Q

BODY SYSTEMS

A

composed of tissues and organs which carry out one or more functions in the body

57
Q

BODY MOVEMENT

A

the result of the work of antagonistic pairs of muscles working within the skeletal system

58
Q

HORMONES

A

chemical messengers

59
Q

integumentary system (skin)

A

remove toxic waste such as excess salts through sweating

60
Q

Lungs

A

release water and toxic carbon dioxide when you exhale

61
Q

kidneys

A

removes cellular waste products from the blood and into tiny structures within the kidneys

Science 7A (4 decks)

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