Unit 4: Human Population Dynamics

Question 1

Doubling Time Equation

Answer 1

doubling time = 70 + % growth rate

Question 2

Thomas Malthus

Answer 2

British economist, predicted that human population size would eventually outgrow the available food supply if humans did not purposefully limit births

Question 3

Paul Ehrlich

Answer 3

in his book The Population Bomb, he predicted that population growth would soon lead to famine and that conflict over scarce resources would eventually consume civilization by the end of the 20th century

Question 4

I = P x A x T Model

Answer 4

summarizes how the environmental impact (I) results from the interactions among population size (P), affluence (A), and technology (T)

Question 5

Demography

Answer 5

the study of human populations, how they change with time, and the main factors causing this change

Question 6

Population Size

Answer 6

one of the main factors useful for predicting population dynamics and environmental impacts; the absolute number of individuals

Question 7

Population Density and Distribution

Answer 7

one of the main factors useful for predicting population dynamics and environmental impacts; reflect the spatially uneven nature of human population on earth

Question 8

Age Structure Diagrams (Population Pyraminds)

Answer 8

one of the main factors useful for predicting population dynamics and environmental impacts; describes the number of individuals of each age class within a population and are especially valuable for predicting future population change

Question 9

Sex Ratio

Answer 9

the ratios of males to females in a population, affect population dynamics

Question 10

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

Answer 10

the number of births per 1,000 individuals per year

Question 11

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

Answer 11

the number of deaths per 1,000 individuals per year

Question 12

Global Population Growth Rate Equation

Answer 12

Global Pop. Growth Rate = CBR - CDR / 10

Question 13

Nation’s Growth Rate Equation(s)

Answer 13

(CBR + immigration) - 9CDR + emigration) / 10

or

(births - deaths) + (immigration - emigration) / 10

Question 14

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

Answer 14

the average number of children born per woman during her lifetime

Question 15

Replacement Fertility

Answer 15

the TFR that keeps the size of a population stable (TFR = 2.1)

Question 16

Demographic Transition

Answer 16

a theoretical model of economic and cultural change that explains the declining death rates and birth rates that occur when a nation becomes industrialized

Question 17

Pre-Industrial Stage

Answer 17

death rates are high (disease is widespread), and birth rates are also high (people are compensating for high infant mortality)

Question 18

Transitional Stage

Answer 18

declining death rates due to improved medical care and food production

Question 19

Industrial Stage

Answer 19

birth rates decline as a result of increased opportunities for women and access to birth control

Question 20

Post-Industrial Stage

Answer 20

the final stage in which both birth and death rates have fallen to low and stable levels

Question 21

Biocapacity

Answer 21

the ecological footprint that the Earth can support

Question 22

UN Millennium Development Goals

Answer 22

require attention to population growth and resource consumption