Unit 4 - Human Body Structures Flashcards
1
Q
Metabolism
A
- catabolism (breakdown) + anabolism (building)
- How long stored nrg –> working nrg
2
Q
Factors the affect metabolic rate
A
- Size
- Sex
- Age
- Hereditary factors
3
Q
Six Essential Nutrients
A
- Carbohydrates
- Proteins
- Lipids
- Water
- Vitamins
- Minerals
4
Q
Carbohydrates
A
- Organic compounds of C, H, O
- Gives glucose
5
Q
Proteins
A
- Give enzymes not created
- Built from 20 amino acids
6
Q
Lipids
A
- Triglycerids w/3 fatty acid
- Saturated are solid
- Unsaturated are liquid
7
Q
Vitamins
A
- Co-enzymes, joining specific proteins, facilite things
8
Q
Vitamin C
A
Help repair wound, tissues cartilage, bones, teeth
9
Q
Vitamin D
A
- Help absorption of P * Ca
- Deficiencies leads to rickets
10
Q
Minerals
A
Inorganic compounds lost through sweat & urine
11
Q
Water
A
- Composes 90% of blood
- Transports nutrients, waste, regular body
12
Q
Acessory Organs
A
- Salivary glands
- Liver
- Pancreas
13
Q
Chemical Digestion
A
- Breaks micronutrients into proteins, aminos
- Stomach uses mechanical + chemical
14
Q
Mouth
A
- Oral Cavity
- Hard & Soft Palate
- Tonsils
- Teeth
- Uvula
- Pharynx
- Tongue
- Saliva
15
Q
Teeth
A
- Incisors for biting
- Canines for grasping/tearing
- Premolars/molars for grinding
16
Q
Saliva
A
- Has amylase to turn starches into disaccharides
- 0.75 to 1.0 L per day
- Bolus
17
Q
Swallowing needs (Esophagaus)
A
- Coordination of tongue, soft palate, esophagaus, pharynx
- Bolus forced by tongue
- Epiglottis, soft palate closes to stop inhaling
- Pharyngeal involuntary contracts into esophagaus
- Gastroesophageal sphicter opens up
18
Q
Stomach
A
- Cardiac/gas sphincter
- Serosa
- Muscularis
- Submucosa
- Mucosa
- Pyloric Sphincter
- Duodenum
19
Q
Serosa
A
- Keeps in place
- Fluid outside, less friction
20
Q
Muscularis
A
- Contracts to mix gastric juice, making chyme
- Longitudinal muscle (up/down)
- Circular muscle (sideways)
- Oblique muscle (diagonal)
21
Q
Gastric Juice
A
- Pepsin & pepsinogen partially digests protein > peptides
- HCL acid, kill bacteria
- Intrinsic factors for B12 absorption
- Secreted in cells, regulating glands
22
Q
Submucosa
A
Nerves & Blood Vessels
23
Q
Mucosa
A
- Gastric juice (ensymes, acid, mucus)
- Rugae (folds)
24
Q
Stomach Habits
A
- Absorbs H2O, glucose, ions, alcohol
- Turns over every 2-3days
- Heliocobacter pylori cause stomach ulcers
25
Q
Small Intestine
A
- Duodenum
- Jejunum
- Villi
- Ileum
26
Q
Duodenum
A
- 30 cm long
- Bile (In liver, sotred in gall bladder) from bile duct for fat digestion
- Pancreatic juice has amylase (breaks malose), trypsin (protein > peptides > amino), lipase (lipid > fatty acids & glycerol), bicarb (neutrilization)
27
Q
Jejunum
A
- 2m long
- Carbohydrase (dissaccharides > monosaccharides)
- Peptidase (peptides > amino)
28
Q
Villi & Microvilli
A
- Increase SA 2x & 600x
- Epithelium 1 cell thick w/capillaries (blood), lacteal (lymphatic, absorbs fatty acids & glycerol)
29
Q
Liver
A
- Removes Glucose
- Stores as glycogen, amino acids for bile