Unit 4- Homeostasis

Question 0

Action potential

Answer 0

The voltage difference across a nerve cell membrane when the nerve is exited

Question 1

Homeostasis

Answer 1

A constant internal state is maintained despite changes in the external environment. Controls blood sugar, temperature, and oxygen levels

Question 2

Threshold

Answer 2

The potential at which an action potential is generated by a neuron

Question 3

Negative feedback loop

Answer 3

The response of a system that acts to maintain equilibrium by compensating for any changes made to the system

Question 4

Positive feedback loop

Answer 4

The response of a system that acts to increase the effects of any changes made to the system

Question 5

How your body removes nitrogenous waste and in what body part?

Answer 5

Nitrogenous wastes from the breakdown of proteins and amino acids are removed from the body by the conversion of ammonia to urea in the liver and filtration by the kidney

Question 6

What occurs when there is an increase in pressure in the glomerulus vs decrease in pressure?

Answer 6

The glomerulus is a bunch of capillaries that act like a filter. Increase: water and dissolved solutes are forced through the walls of the glomerulus and into the Bowman’s capsule. Decrease: the toxic solutes will be reabsorbed back into your body, which is bad

Question 7

How do we concentrate urine?

Answer 7

Nitrogenous wastes, excess H+ ions and some minerals actively transported from the bloodstream into the distal tubule of the nephron.

Question 8

Dendrites

Answer 8

Short branching terminals that receive nerve impulse from other neurons or sensory receptors. Thy will send this impulse to the cell body

Question 9

Cell body

Answer 9

Contains the nucleus and is the site of the cell’s metabolic reactions and will process the inputs from dendrites

Question 10

Axon

Answer 10

Conducts impulses away from the cell body, these can be 1mm to 1 m long

Question 11

Axon terminals

Answer 11

These will communicate with the next neuron, gland, or muscle by releasing chemical signals into the space between them

Question 12

Myelin sheath

Answer 12

Can make the nerve impulse move down faster. Covers, insulates, and protects the neurons

Question 13

Reflex arc steps

Answer 13

1. Stimulus sensed by a receptor
2. An action potential travels down the sensory neuron
3. The interneuron transfers the message from the sensory neuron to the motor neuron
4. The motor neuron sends the message to the muscle
5. The muscle contracts

Question 14

Dynamic equilibrium

Answer 14

Condition that remains stable within functioning limits. Homeostatic mechanisms ensure that all body systems function within an acceptable range to sustain life. In each case, balance is achieved by maintaining a dynamic that is made possible by the interaction by 3 key components:
Sensory receptors
Integrator/control centre
Effectors

Question 15

Central nervous system

Answer 15

Made up of the brain and spinal cord, coordinates an directs the actions of the body

Question 16

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 16

Made up of the somatic and autonomic system

Question 17

Somatic

Answer 17

Receptors and the sensory nerves which transmit messages to the CNS, motor nerves and effectors which receive messages from the CNS

Question 18

Autonomic

Answer 18

Motor nerves that regulate the organs if the body without conscious control

Question 19

Neurons

Answer 19

A cell that is specialized to respond to physical and chemical stimuli, conduct electrochemical signals and then release chemicals that will regulate various body processes.

Question 20

Glial cells

Answer 20

These cells support the neuron cells, these cells nourish, remove wastes and defend neurons against infection