Unit 1- Biochemisty

Question 0

Cohesion

Answer 0

Similar particles cling together

Question 1

Adhesion

Answer 1

Dissimilar particles cling together

Question 2

Osmosis

Answer 2

The passive diffusion of water across a membrane

Question 3

Active transport

Answer 3

When molecules in a cell want to go from a low concentration gradient to a high one, pumps and energy is used

Question 4

Passive transport

Answer 4

The movement of a substance across a membrane without using any energy

Question 5

Acid

Answer 5

Increases levels of H3O when dissolved in water

Question 6

Base

Answer 6

Increases the level of OH- when dissolved in water

Question 7

Auto ionization of water

Answer 7

Pure water is never just H2O. At times 2 H2O molecules hit and will make an OH- and/or H3O

Question 8

Intermolecular forces

Answer 8

Hold 2 or more molecules together

Weaker than intramolecular

Question 9

London forces

Answer 9

Bonds due to unequal distribution of electrons

More molecules=more weaker forces=larger overall force

Question 10

Dipole Dipole forces

Answer 10

Positive end of one polar molecule is attracted to the negative end of another polar molecule
Stronger than London forces

Question 11

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 11

Very strong dipole dipole
Happen between an H and a N O or F
Weaker than intra

Question 12

Intramolecular Bonds

Answer 12

Holds atoms in a molecule together

Question 13

Ionic bonds

Answer 13

Occurs when there is a transfer of one or more electrons

Question 14

Covalent bonds

Answer 14

The sharing of electrons

Question 15

Polar covalent bonds

Answer 15

And unequal sharing of electrons

Question 16

Polymers

Answer 16

Long chain like substance made of many molecules linked by covalent bonds

Question 17

Monomers

Answer 17

Many small molecules linked together to make polymers

Question 18

Carbohydrates

Answer 18

Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides

Question 19

Lipids

Answer 19

Fatty acids
Fats
Phospholipids 
Steroids 
Waxes

Question 20

Proteins

Answer 20

Structural component
Transport materials
Carrier molecule
Messenger molecule
Antigens

Question 21

Globular protein Primary Stucture

Answer 21

A series of amino acids in a polypeptide chain

Question 22

Globular protein Secondary Stucture

Answer 22

Forms a helical shape due to hydrogen bonding

Question 23

Globular protein Tertiary Structure

Answer 23

Further folding and interaction of R-groups

Question 24

Globular protein Quaternary Stucture

Answer 24

Interaction of 2 or more globules result in a specific 3D shape

Question 25

Nucleic acids

Answer 25

DNA

RNA

Question 26

Purines

Answer 26

Adenine

Guanine

Question 27

Pyrimidines

Answer 27

Cytosine

Thymine

Question 28

What is an enzyme?

Answer 28

Has a unique 3D shape which determines which reaction is catalyzes.

Question 29

How does an enzyme function?

Answer 29

The 3D shape will bind to a specific substrate.

This lowers the activation energy and allows the reactants to be converted to products more quicker

Question 30

How does protein structure relate to its function?

Answer 30

A structure which determines the sequence of polypeptide chains, a structure which bonds, a structure for interaction of molecules, and a structure which determines the 3D shape. Each possible shape provides the protein with different possible functions because of the different bonds involved.