Unit 4: Homeostasis Flashcards
What is homeostasis?
a) the process in which internal conditions are kept at a tolerable range
b) the process in which interal conditions are kept constant
c) the process in which the body responds to external conditions
d) the process in which the interal temperature is kept constant
a) the process in which internal conditions are kept at a tolerable range
Which term refers to organisims that obtain heat frimarily from internal physiological sources?
a) allotherms
b) ectotherms
c) exotherms
d) endotherms
d) endotherms
What is the role of the integrator?
a) to activate the effector if necessary
b) to return the system to its optimal state
c) to detect changes in the environment
d) to respond to the stimulus
a) to activate the effector if necessary
What is a poikilotherm?
a) a group that includes mammals and birds
b) an animal whose body temperature varies with the external environment
c) an animal that can maintain a stable body temperature regardless of external conditions
d) all of the above
b) an animal whose body temperature varies with the external environment
How could you classify an animal that behaviourally regulates its body temperature during the daytime?
a) homeothermic endotherm
b) poikilothermic ectotherm
c) homeothermic ectotherm
d) poikilothermic endotherm
c) homeothermic ectotherm
What is an example of thermal acclimatization?
a) a lizard sunning itself on a rock
b) freshwater fish moving to deeper waters during hot summer days
c) the Galapagos marine iguana increasing the blood flow to exposed areas of skin
d) the wood frog spending winter in a frozen state
d) the wood frog spending winter in a frozen state
What is osmoregulation?
a) the regulating of osmotic pressure in bodily fluids and cells
b) the regulating of water in cells
c) the regulating of hydrostatic pressure in bodily fluids and cells
d) all of the above
a) the regulating of osmotic pressure in bodily fluids and cells
What would happen if a squid were mistakenly put in freshwater?
a) It would be hyperosmotic to the freshwater and could not osmoregulate.
b) It would be hypoosmotic to the freshwater and could not osmoregulate.
c) Its cells would dehydrate.
d) It could not handle the change in osmotic and hydrostatic pressures.
a) It would be hyperosmotic to the freshwater and could not osmoregulate.
In relation to the seawater around them, lobsters and other marine invertebrates are
a) Hyperosmotic.
b) Isoosmotic.
c) Hypertonic.
d) Hypoosmotic.
b) isoosmotic.
Which term refers to the non-selective movement of water and several solutes into the tubules of the excretory system?
a) Reabsorbtion
b) Filtration
c) Release
d) Secretion
b) Filtration
What part of the kidney is considered to be the functional unit?
a) Renal medulla
b) Nephron
c) Glomerulus
d) Bowman’s capsule
b) Nephron
What causes kidney stones to form?
a) a buildup of cholesterol
b) a buildup of mineral solutes combined with calcium
c) a buildup of mineral solutes, such as oxalates, phosphates, and carbonates
d) a buildup of calcium
b) a buildup of mineral solutes combined with calcium
Which of these is a protein hormone?
a) Glucagon
b) Aldosterone
c) Testosterone
d) Estradiol
a) Glucagon
Why do the target tissues for steroid hormones and thyroid hormones not have membrane receptors for these hormones?
a) The hormones are small enough to diffuse directly into the cell.
b) The hormones are soluble in the lipid bilayer.
c) The hormones stimulate the cell by changes in electrical activity.
d) The hormones enter the cells by ion channels.
b) The hormones are soluble in the lipid bilayer.
What are prohormones?
a) a hormone that has bound to a receptor cell
b) an inactive or less active form of hormone
c) a type of protein hormone
d) a group of hormones that work together
b) an inactive or less active form of hormone
Which hormone is secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland?
a) ADH
b) ACTH
c) TSH
d) FSH
a) ADH
Which gland regulates milk release, water balance, and uterine contractions in childbirth?
a) Parathyroid
b) Pineal
c) Posterior thyroid
d) Posterior pituitary
d) Posterior pituitary
Which gland is the “master gland?”
a) Parathyroid gland
b) Hypothalamus
c) Pituitary gland
d) Thyroid gland
c) Pituitary gland
Which gland produces melatonin?
a) Adrenal gland
b) Thyroid gland
c) Anterior pituitary gland
d) Pineal gland
d) Pineal gland
Which gland produces FSH?
a) The hypothalamus
b) The pituitary
c) The ovary
d) The corpus luteum
b) The pituitary
Which of these statements about estrogen is true?
a) It has a positive feedback effect on GnRH, FSH, and LH.
b) It controls the sex drive.
c) It controls the development of the secondary sex characteristics.
d) All of the above.
d) All of the above.
Which hormone causes ovulation?
a) Progesterone
b) Estrogen
c) FSH
d) LH
d) LH
Which of these statements is true?
a) The hypothalamus stimulates the testes to release LH.
b) LH stimulates the Leydig cells in the testes to produce testosterone.
c) A high level of testosterone stimulates the testes to release more LH.
d) High levels of testosterone stimulate the hypothalamus to produce GnRH.
b) LH stimulates the Leydig cells in the testes to produce testosterone.
Which hormone is responsible for the development and control of male secondary sexual characteristics?
a) LH
b) GnRH
c) Testosterone
d) FSH
c) Testosterone
What is the function of FSH in the male reproductive system?
a) It promotes the secretion of LH.
b) It promotes development of secondary sex characteristics.
c) It stimulates testosterone production.
d) It promotes spermatogenesis.
d) It promotes spermatogenesis.
Which of these is not a component of neural signalling?
a) Transmission
b) Reception
c) Integration
d) Transduction
d) Transduction
Which of these cell types of the nervous system conduct electrical signals?
a) Dendrites
b) Glial cells
c) Myelin sheath
d) Nodes of Ranvier
a) Dendrites
Which of these is not a component of a reflex arc?
a) Brain
b) Afferent neuron
c) Efferent neuron
d) Interneuron
a) Brain
Which of these is not a component of the autonomic system of the PNS?
a) A subdivision of the efferent system that regulates the internal environment
b) A subdivision of the efferent system that carries signals to skeletal muscles in response to external stimuli
c) A subdivision of the efferent system that increases energy consumption and prepares the body for action
d) A subdivision of the efferent system that stimulates body activities that acquire and conserve energy
b) A subdivision of the efferent system that carries signals to skeletal muscles in response to external stimuli
What is the threshold potential?
a) The electrical potential of a membrane, which is caused by an imbalance of charges on either side of the membrane
b) The potential at which a depolarization and subsequent repolarization occurs inside a neuron
c) The voltage difference across a nerve cell membrane when the nerve is excited
d) The voltage difference across a nerve cell membrane of an unstimulated neuron; usually negative
b) The potential at which a depolarization and subsequent repolarization occurs inside a neuron
Which of these is a function of the cerebrum?
a) Muscle movement and balance
b) Transfer nerve signals between the cerebellum and the medulla
c) Higher brain functions
d) Autonomic nerve control
c) Higher brain functions
Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for consciousness and long-term memory?
a) Medulla oblongata
b) Cerebral hemispheres
c) Cerebellum
d) Pons
b) Cerebral hemispheres
Which of these sensory receptors can detect pain?
a) Nociceptors
b) Thermoreceptors
c) Photoreceptors
d) Chemoreceptors
a) Nociceptors
Which part of the brain receives sensory input from the ears?
a) Cerebellum
b) Thalamus
c) Pons
d) Hypothalamus
b) Thalamus
