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Grade 12 Biology > Unit 1 : Biochemistry > Flashcards

Unit 1 : Biochemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

Cholesterol is an example of what type of liquid?

a) Fat
b) Steroid
c) Phospholipid
d) Fatty Acid

A

b) Steriod

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2
Q

What role does the Mitochondrion play in the cell?

a) Translates DNA to RNA
b) Has a role in photosynthesis
c) Manufactures lipids and proteins
d) Involved in Cellular Respiration

A

d) Involved in Cellular Respiration

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3
Q

In addition to Phospholipids, what 2 types of lipids are found in membranes?

a) fatty acids and cholesterol
b) fatty acids and sterols
c) glycolipids and cholesterol
d) glycolipids and glycoproteins

A

c) glycolipids and cholesterol

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4
Q

What is a Passive Membrane Transport

a) The movement of a substance across the membrane without expending energy
b) The movement of a substance across the membrane by expending energy
c) The transport of a substance across a membrane
d) The movement of a substance across a membrane using a pump

A

a) The movement of a substance across the membrane without expending energy

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5
Q

What substrate does lactate break down?

a) Sucrose
b) Maltose
c) Lactose
d) Lipids

A

c) Lactose

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6
Q

Which statement is correct?

a) Membrane lipids are polar molecules
b) The higher the portion of saturations lipids, the more fluid the membrane will be
c) Molecules of cholesterol are found integrated in membranes
d) A glycolipid is a membrane component that is bound to an amino acid

A

c) Molecules of cholesterol are found integrated in membranes

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7
Q

When a plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, what does the cell wall prevent from happening?

a) Plasmolysis
b) Diffusion
c) Active transport
d) The cell from bursting

A

d) The cell from bursting

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8
Q

Besides the nucleus, which organelles contain DNA?

a) Ribosomes and E.R
b) Chloroplasts and Golgi Bodies
c) Ribosomes and Chloroplasts
d) Chloroplasts and Mitochondria

A

d) Chloroplasts and Mitochondria

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9
Q

What is the ability of non-polar molecules to move across a membrane unassisted called?

a) Facilitated diffusion
b) Dynamic equilibrium
c) Osmosis
d) Simple diffusion

A

d) Simple diffusion

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10
Q

What will happen to a plant cell in a hypertonic solution?

a) There will be a net movement of water out of the cell and it will shrink
b) There is no movement of water out of or into the cell
c) Nothing will happen to the cell
d) There will be a new movement of water into the cell and it will swell

A

a) There will be a net movement of water out of the cell and it will shrink

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11
Q

All organic compounds are composed primarily of

a) Carbon and Hydrogen
b) Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
c) Carbon , Hydrogen, and Nitrogen
d) Carbon and Oxygen

A

b) Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen

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12
Q

In a polar covalent bond, the electrons are

a) Shared equally between atoms
b) Shared unequally between atoms
c) Lost by one atom
d) Shared between ions

A

b) Shared unequally between atoms

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13
Q

What type of molecule contains the -OH functional group?

a) Nucleic acids
b) Aldehydes
c) Acids
d) Alcohols

A

d) Alcohols

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14
Q

What is the difference between saturated fats and unsaturated fats?

a) Saturated fats are produced by plants, and unsaturated fats are produced by animals
b) Saturated fats are produced by animals, and unsaturated fats are produced by plants
c) Saturated fats contain glycerol, whereas unsaturated fats do not
d) Margarine is a saturated fat, and butter is an unsaturated fat

A

b) Saturated fats are produced by animals, and unsaturated fats are produced by plants

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15
Q

Which of the following are functions of proteins?

a) Enzymatic activity, carrying genetic material, and transport
b) Enzymatic activity, carrying genetic material, and cell recognition
c) Enzymatic activity transport, and cell recognition
d) Carrying genetic material, transport, and cell recognition

A

c) Enzymatic activity transport, and cell recognition

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16
Q

What happens to the lung cells of individuals with cystic fibrosis?

a) The mucus becomes very thick
b) Chlorine is not removed from the cell
c) Water is retained in the lung cell
d) All of the above

A

d) All of the above

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17
Q

Which of these are pyrimidines?

a) Adenine and Guanine
b) Thymine, Cytosine, and Uracil
c) Thymine, Adenine, and Cytosine
d) Thymine, Uracil, and Guanine

A

b) Thymine, Cytosine, and Uracil

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18
Q

Which statement best describes the process of competitive inhibition?

a) The products of the reaction block the active site of the enzyme
b) The products of the reaction bind to a site other than the active site of the enzyme, but still block enzyme activity indirectly
c) The substrate and cofactors compete for the active site
d) The inhibition binds to and directly blocks the active site of the enzyme

A

d) The inhibition binds to and directly blocks the active site of the enzyme

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19
Q

Which compounds would you expect to find in greater amounts in the cell membranes of a fish that lived in very cold water vs a fish that lived in warmer water?

a) Phospholipids
b) Glycolipids
c) Cholesterol
d) Integral proteins

A

c) Cholesterol

20
Q

How is Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide exchanged across a lung cell membrane?

a) Active transport
b) Osmosis
c) Facilitated diffusion
d) Diffusion

A

d) Diffusion

21
Q

How does an enzyme speed up a reaction?

a) It raises the energy barrier
b) It releases energy
c) It binds to a substrate
d) It lowers the energy barrier

A

d) It lowers the energy barrier

22
Q

Which statement best describes the function of the ribosomes?

a) They transport proteins to Golgi Bodies
b) They modify peptide chains into their final forms
c) They transcribe DNA info into RNA
d) They translate RNA into polypeptide chains.

A

d) They translate RNA into polypeptide chains.

23
Q

What type of movement across the cell membrane requires energy?

a) Active transport
b) Passive transport
c) Facilitated diffusion
d) Osmosis

A

a) Active transport

24
Q

How do plants maintain a high concentration of minerals in their root cells?

a) Passive transport
b) Facilitated diffusion
c) Active transport
d) Osmosis

A

c) Active transport

25
Q

The 4 major types of chemical reactions that are common in biological processes are:

a) Combustion, hydrolysis, neutralization, and redox reactions
b) Dehydration , neutralization, decomposition, and redox reactions
c) Condensation, hydrolysis, neutralization, and and redox reactions
d) Dehydration, synthesis, neutralization, and redox reactions

A

c) Condensation, hydrolysis, neutralization, and and redox reactions

26
Q

What occurs during a redox reaction?

a) Electrons are transferred
b) Molecules are joined by removing water
c) Water is used to break apart large molecules
d) A substance reacts with oxygen

A

a) Electrons are transferred

27
Q

What happens during a dehydration reaction?

a) Water reacts with the molecule and breaks it down into smaller subunits
b) Water is used as a reactant
c) Water is formed and released as subunits combine
d) The components of a water molecule are added to the functional groups

A

c) Water is formed and released as subunits combine

28
Q

Compared to saturated fats, unsaturated fats contain less

a) Oxygen
b) Glycerol
c) Fatty acids
d) Hydrogen

A

d) Hydrogen

29
Q

In a chemical reaction, reactant binds to an enzyme at a region known as the

a) Active site
b) Product
c) Catalyst
d) Substrate

A

a) Active site

30
Q

According to the induced-fit model, how does an enzyme accommodate its substrate?

a) The active site alters the shape of the substrate
b) A cofactor binds to the substrate
c) The substrate changes its shape before entering an active site
d) The enzyme changes its shape

A

d) The enzyme changes its shape

31
Q

In what type of inhibition does the inhibitor bind to an enzyme at a site other than the active site?

a) Noncompetitive inhibition
b) Reversible inhibition
c) Competitive inhibition
d) Irreversible inhibition

A

a) Noncompetitive inhibition

32
Q

What happens to the rate of an enzyme-substrate catalyzed reaction if the temperature increases continuously?

a) Decreases and then increases rapidly
b) Increases and then decreases rapidly
c) Increases and then levels off
d) Decreases and then levels off

A

b) Increases and then decreases rapidly

33
Q

What is the function of vacuoles in plant cells?

a) To produce energy in the form of ATP
b) To make and store pigments
c) To synthesize proteins
d) To help the cell maintain its shape and size

A

d) To help the cell maintain its shape and size

34
Q

Which statement is true according to the fluid mosaic model of cell membrane?

a) Membranes contain a mosaic of lipid molecules
b) Proteins are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer
c) Proteins are restricted to the surface of the membrane
d) Proteins are embedded and float freely in the phospholipid bilayer

A

b) Proteins are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer

35
Q

What factor will increase the fluidity of the lipid bilayer?

a) Decreasing the temperature
b) Decreasing the number of unsaturated fatty acids
c) Increasing the length of the fatty acid chains
d) Increasing the number of double bonds in fatty acids

A

c) Increasing the length of the fatty acid chains

36
Q

How does a chloride ion move across a membrane?

a) Facilitated diffusion
b) Simple diffusion
c) Dynamic equilibrium
d) Osmosis

A

a) Facilitated diffusion

37
Q

What will happen to a plant cell in a hypertonic solution?

a) There will be a net movement of water out of the cell and it will shrink
b) There is no movement of water out of or into the cell
c) Nothing will happen to the cell
d) There will be a net movement of water into the cell and it will swell.

A

a) There will be a net movement of water out of the cell and it will shrink

38
Q

What will happen when a cell that is 75% water is placed inside a solution that is 100% water?

a) Nothing will happen to cell
b) The cell will shrink because it has less water than the solution
c) The cell will swell because water will enter it
d) The cell will swell because it will produce more sugar

A

c) The cell will swell because water will enter it

39
Q

Match the terms with their definition:

1) Polar Covalent Bonds
2) Ionic Bonds
3) Non-Polar Covalent Bonds
4) Hydrogen Bonds

a) Attractive force between charged atoms
b) Forces of attraction between molecules
c) Equal sharing of electrons between 2 atoms
d) Unequal sharing of electrons between 2 atoms

A

1) Polar Covalent Bonds
c) Equal sharing of electrons between 2 atoms

2) Ionic Bonds
a) Attractive force between charged atoms

3) Non-Polar Covalent Bonds
d) Unequal sharing of electrons between 2 atoms

4) Hydrogen Bonds
b) Forces of attraction between molecules

40
Q

Match the terms with their definition:

1) Monosaccharide
2) Disaccharide
3) Polysaccharide
4) Saturated Fats
5) Steroid
6) Triglyceride

a) The maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms and all carbons linked with single bonds
b) 3 fatty acids linked to glycerol
c) Contains 2 monomer subunits
d) Eg. glucose and ribose
e) Very long polymers of simple sugars
f) 4 carbon ring structure

A

1) Monosaccharide
d) Eg. glucose and ribose

2) Disaccharide
c) Contains 2 monomer subunits

3) Polysaccharide
e) Very long polymers of simple sugars

4) Saturated Fats
a) The maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms and all carbons linked with single bonds

5) Steroid
f) 4 carbon ring structure

6) Triglyceride
b) 3 fatty acids linked to glycerol

41
Q

Match the terms with their definition:

1) Fatty Acid
2) Wax
3) Phospholipid
4) Amino Acid
5) Nitrogenous Base

a) Long chain of fatty acids & Forms a water-resistant coating on leaves
b) Hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group attached
c) A pyrimidine or purine structure
d) Contains a carboxyl group, an amino acid and a side R group
e) Has polar and nonpolar ends & 2 fatty acids combined with glycerol and a phosphate group combined with alcohol

A

1) Fatty Acid
b) Hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group attached

2) Wax
a) Long chain of fatty acids & Forms a water-resistant coating on leaves

3) Phospholipid
e) Has polar and nonpolar ends & 2 fatty acids combined with glycerol and a phosphate group combined with alcohol

4) Amino Acid
d) Contains a carboxyl group, an amino acid and a side R group

5) Nitrogenous Base
c) A pyrimidine or purine structure

42
Q

Match the term with their definition:

1) Polypeptide
2) Nucleic Acid
3) Nucleotide
4) Protein
5) Peptide
6) Fat

a) A chain of 2 amino acids connected by dipeptide bonds
b) 5 carbon sugar bound to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group
c) A chain containing 50+ amino acids
d) Substance derived from glycerol and 3 fatty acids
e) A polymer with subunits folded into 3D shapes
f) Contains Polynucleotide chains

A

1) Polypeptide
c) A chain containing 50+ amino acids

2) Nucleic Acid
f) Contains Polynucleotide chains

3) Nucleotide
b) 5 carbon sugar bound to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group

4) Protein
e) A polymer with subunits folded into 3D shapes

5) Peptide
a) A chain of 2 amino acids connected by dipeptide bonds

6) Fat
d) Substance derived from glycerol and 3 fatty acids

43
Q

Match the term with their definition:

1) Osmosis
2) Facilitated Diffusion
3) Phagocytosis
4) Active Transport
5) Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis
6) Diffusion

a) Cells internalize molecules with the receptors specific to the molecule being transported

b) The movement of a molecule from low to high concentration
c) The movement of a molecule from low to high concentration
d) Diffusion of molecules across the plasma membrane with assist from transport proteins
e) Movement of water from a hypotonic solution to a hypertonic solution across a selectively permeable membrane
f) Movement of a molecule from high to low concentration

A

1) Osmosis
e) Movement of water from a hypotonic solution to a hypertonic solution across a selectively permeable membrane

2) Facilitated Diffusion
c) The movement of a molecule from low to high concentration

3) Phagocytosis
a) Cells internalize molecules with the receptors specific to the molecule being transported

4) Active Transport
b) The movement of a molecule from low to high concentration

5) Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis
d) Diffusion of molecules across the plasma membrane with assist from transport proteins

6) Diffusion
f) Movement of a molecule from high to low concentration

44
Q

Match the term with their definition:

1) Ribosomes
2) Lysosomes
3) ER
4) Golgi Bodies
5) Mitochondrion
6) Vacuole
7) Nucleus

a) Modifies polypeptide chains and lipids and sorts and packages them for transport
b) Generates ATP through a series of reactions
c) Protects the Genetic Material of the cell
d) Makes polypeptide chains into proteins and synthesizing lipids
e) Isolates and Disposes Water
f) Breaks down waste material
g) Assembles Polypeptide chains

A

1) Ribosomes
g) Assembles Polypeptide chains

2) Lysosomes
f) Breaks down waste material

3) ER
d) Makes polypeptide chains into proteins and synthesizing lipids

4) Golgi Bodies
a) Modifies polypeptide chains and lipids and sorts and packages them for transport

5) Mitochondrion
b) Generates ATP through a series of reactions

6) Vacuole
e) Isolates and Disposes Water

7) Nucleus
c) Protects the Genetic Material of the cell

45
Q

Match the term with their definition:

1) Integral Proteins
2) Lipid Bilayer
3) Glycolipids
4) Peripheral Proteins
5) Cholesterol
6) Glycoproteins

a) Proteins imbedded in the lipid bilayer
b) Proteins that are held to membrane surfaces by non-covalent bonds
c) The most abundant sterol in animal cell membranes
d) A membrane lipid that is bound to a carbohydrate
e) 2 layers of phospholipids
f) Contains a carbohydrate to a protein

A

1) Integral Proteins
a) Proteins imbedded in the lipid bilayer

2) Lipid Bilayer
e) 2 layers of phospholipids

3) Glycolipids
d) A membrane lipid that is bound to a carbohydrate

4) Peripheral Proteins
b) Proteins that are held to membrane surfaces by non-covalent bonds

5) Cholesterol
c) The most abundant sterol in animal cell membranes

6) Glycoproteins
f) Contains a carbohydrate to a protein

46
Q

Match the term with their definition:

1) Exocytosis
2) Antiport
3) Symport

a) The movement of a solute through a membrane channel in the opposite direction of the driving ion
b) The movement of a solute through a membrane channel in the same direction of the driving ion
c) The movement of large molecules to the exterior of the cell

A

1) Exocytosis
c) The movement of large molecules to the exterior of the cell

2) Antiport
a) The movement of a solute through a membrane channel in the opposite direction of the driving ion

3) Symport
b) The movement of a solute through a membrane channel in the same direction of the driving ion

Grade 12 Biology (4 decks)

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