Unit 4 - Heart and Blood 18&19

Question 1

two main parts of blood

Answer 1

formed elements and plasma

Question 2

define formed elements of blood

Answer 2

45% of blood volume; made of erythrocytes=red blood cells=RBC. leukocytes=white blood cells=WBC, thrombocytes=platelets ; called formed elements and not blood cells because platelets are not cells; membrane enclosed bodies with a definite structure visible with microscope

Question 3

what are the three elements in the formed elements of blood

Answer 3

erythrocytes/RBC. leukocytes/WBC, and platelets

Question 4

five kinds of leukocytes

Answer 4

3 Granulocytes: Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils

2 Agranulocytes: Lymphocytes, Monocytes

Question 5

densest elements of blood

Answer 5

erythrocytes/RBC

Question 5

buffy coat

Answer 5

narrow cream/buff colored zone of blood after centrifugation/ contains the WBC and platelets,

Question 6

hematocrit

Answer 6

percentage of blood volume composed of erythrocytes; aka packed cell volume

Question 7

if you separate plasma after centrifuge, let it coagulate and then centrifuge again, what would you get

Answer 7

clotting proteins on bottom/mostly fibrin and blood serum on top

Question 8

blood serum is valuable for

Answer 8

vaccines, antivenins, blood tests, such as hepatitis, research

Question 9

blood volume in human

Answer 9

4-5L in F, 5-6 L in M

Question 10

avg temp of blood

Answer 10

38 C

Question 11

pH of blood

Answer 11

7.35-7.45

Question 12

avg salinity

Answer 12

0.9%

Question 13

plasma contains

Answer 13

water, lipids, dissolved substances, colloidal proteins, clotting factors

Question 14

albumins in blood

Answer 14

proteins produced by liver and make majority of plasma proteins; transport solutes and buffer the plasm

Question 15

globulins in blood

Answer 15

some made by plasma most made by liver; aid in immunity thru transpo of solutes and blood clotting

Question 16

fibrinogen in blood

Answer 16

clotting protein

Question 17

pigment in erythrocytes that make it red

Answer 17

hemoglobin

Question 18

where are leukocytes formed

Answer 18

bone marrow and lymphoid tissues

Question 19

two major response immune response by leukocytes

Answer 19

nonspecfic resistance and adapative immunity

Question 20

nonspecific resistance immune response

Answer 20

passive protection without prior exposure

Question 21

adaptive immunity response

Answer 21

triggered by specific antigens and having a triggered response from prior exposure

Question 22

what is distinctive about granulocytes

Answer 22

leukocytes that have granulars in them

Question 23

neutrophils

Answer 23

most common leukocytes; granulocytes; lobed nuclei; ; engulf foreign material; granules are light pink/purple; mature have 2-5 lobed nuclei

Question 24

eosinophils

Answer 24

granuloycte; eosin-loving=orange pink stain on granules; two lobed nuclei; bit large than neutrophils; combat infections of multicellular pathogens (eg worms); involved in allergic reactions

Question 25

basophils

Answer 25

granulocyte; dark blue-purple granules; s-shaped nuclei; similar size as eosinophil; contains vasodilator histamine which increases blood flow to tissue; contains heparin which is anticoagulant

Question 26

lymphocytes

Answer 26

agranulocyte; large unlobed nuclei may b flattend or dented; many types-main are T cells and B cells;

Question 27

monocytes

Answer 27

agranulocyte; large, kidney or horseshoe nuclei; activated by t-cells; turn into macrophages that present foreign antigens to T cells

Question 28

purpose of differential leukocyte count

Answer 28

examine leukocyte concentration to have idea of diseases present