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1050-bio > Unit 3: Vasculature - 20.1; 20.6-20.8 > Flashcards

Unit 3: Vasculature - 20.1; 20.6-20.8 Flashcards

1
Q

arteries

A

efferent vessels of the cardiovascular system; vessels that carry blood away from the heart; considered resistance vessel due to strong, resilient tissue structure; heart beat creates surge of pressure as blood is ejected into them; retain round shape when empty, appear relatively circular or elliptical in tissue sections

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2
Q

veins

A

defined as the afferent vessel that carry blood back to the heart

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3
Q

what are does not define arteries and veins

A

high or low oxygen in the blood they carry

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4
Q

capillaries

A

microscopic, thin walled vessels that connect the smallest arteries to the smallest veins

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5
Q

walls of arteries and veins are composed of three layers called

A

tunics

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6
Q

tunica interna

A

aka tunica intima; lines inside of the vessel and contacts the blood; simple squamous epithelium (endothelium) overlaying a basement membrane and a sparse layer of loose connective tissue; continuous with the endocardium of the heart; endothelium acts as selective permeable barrier to materials entering or leaving blood stream; secretes chemicals that stimulate dilation/constriction of the vessel; typ. repels blood cells and platelets so they flow freely without sticking to vessels wall; when tissue around a vessel is inflamed, endothelium produces cell-adhesion molecule to cling leukocytes to vessel wall which brings them to the tissues where defensive actions are needed

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7
Q

endothelium

A

simple squamous epithelium tissue that lines lumen of blood, heart, and lymphatic vessels

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8
Q

tunica media

A

strengthens vessels and prevents blood pressure from rupturing them, regulates diameter of a vessel; middle layer of blood vessel wall; usually thickest; smooth muscle and collagen tissue and some times elastic tissue; ratio of smooth vessel and elastic tissue differ and are a characteristic that is used to distinct vessels from one another

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9
Q

tunica externa

A

aka tunica adventitia; anchors vessel of adjacent tissue and provides passage for small nerves, lymphatic vessels and smaller blood vessels that supply the tissues of the larger ones; consists of loose connective tissue that often merges with neighbouring blood vessels, nerves or other organs

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10
Q

vasa vasorum

A

network of smaller blood vessels that provide the nutrition, oxygenation and waste removal for the larger and medium blood vessels that dont have their needs fully met by the blood they are carrying; most visible tunica externa since loose organization of tissue doesnt hide them; supplies to outer half of vessel wall

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11
Q

3 classes of arteries

A

conducting (elastic/large), distributing (muscular/medium), resistance (small)

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12
Q

conducting artery

A

elastic/large arteries - biggest, duh - layer of elastic tissue internal elastic lamina at the border ex: aorta, common carotid and subclavian arteries, pulmonary trunk, common iliac arteries.

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13
Q

Why do arteries have so much more elastic tissue than veins?

A

Allows it to stretch and recoil - when recoiling they maintain that pressure surge from the heart and keep pushing that blood throughout the body.
Valves in veins keep the blood from flowing backwards.

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14
Q

Distributing (muscular/medium) arteries

A

Distributing (muscular/medium)
distributes blood to specific organs
i.e. brachial, femoral, renal, splenic Smooth muscle layers 3/4 of wall thickness

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15
Q

resistance arteries (Small arteries)

A

resistance (Small arteries)
arterioles: Smallest arteries
major point of control over how much blood an organ or tissue receives

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16
Q

aneurysm

A

weak point in artery or heart wall; thin walled bulging sac that pulsates with each beat of the heart and may rupture

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17
Q

capillaries

A

exchange vessels between blood and tissue fluid; all have endothelial cells and most have basal lamina a thin protein carb layer that separates adjacent connective tissue

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18
Q

3 types of capilliaries

A

continuous, fenestrated, sinusoids

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19
Q

Continuous capillaries

A

In most tissues
Endothelial cells tight junctions forming continuous tube
Intercellular clefts allow passage of small solutes such as glucose
Large molecules (Proteins, platelets, RBCs) held back.
Pericytes wrap around capillaries contain contractile proteins regulate blood flow

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20
Q

Fenestrated capillaries

A

Organs that require rapid absorption or filtration Kidneys, small intestine, choroid plexuses
Endothelial cells riddled with filtration pores (fenestrations)
rapid passage of small molecules
retain proteins and larger particles in blood

21
Q

Sinusoids

A

aka discontinuous capillaries
irregular blood-filled spaces with large gaps between cells and fenestrations though them
no basal lamina
allow proteins (Albumin), clotting factors, and new blood cells to enter circulation
i.e. liver, bone marrow, spleen

22
Q

Veins

A

capacitance vessels

greater capacity for blood containment than arteries

collapse when empty, expand easily

Thinner walls, flaccid, less muscular and elastic tissue

distant from ventricles -> low BP (~10mmHg)

Steady blood flow

holds 65% of blood at given timw

23
Q

smaller veins

A

tributaries

24
Q

4 types of veins

A

postcapillary venules, muscular venules, medium veins, large veins

25
Q

Postcapillary venules

A

Postcapillary venules
smallest veins
more porous than capillaries, exchange fluid with tissues most leukocytes emigrate from bloodstream through venule walls

26
Q

Muscular Venules

A

1-2 layers of smooth muscle in tunica media

27
Q

Medium veins

A

Medium veins
Thin tunica media and externa
Tunica interna forms venous valves
-place of varicose veins
i.e. radial and ulnar veins of forearm, saphenous veins of leg.

28
Q

large

A

large veins
some smooth muscle in all three tunics tunica externa thickest layer
longitudinal bundles of smooth muscle
Venae cava, pulmonary veins, internal jugular veins, and renal veins

29
Q

A blood vessel adapted to withstand a high blood pressure would be expected to have:

A

elastic tunica media - because middle need to be able to stretch to accommodate pressure

30
Q

Anatomy of the pulmonary circuit

A

Anatomy of the pulmonary circuit
Pulmonary trunk -> pulmonary arteries-> Lobar branches for each lobe (3 right, 2 left) -> capillary beds that surround alveoli
Oxygenated blood returns to heart through venules -> veins -> main pulmonary veins that return to left atrium
basket like capillary beds surround alveoli exchange of gases with air and blood alveoli

31
Q

Systemic vessel naming

A

Systemic vessel naming
naming often describe location: 1. The body region transversed
axillary artery and brachial veins 2. The organ supplied or drained
Hepatic artery and renal vein 3. Adjacent bone
temporal artery and ulnar vein

32
Q

Systemic vessels of the axial region

A

Systemic vessels of the axial region i. Aorta, head and Neck
ii. Thorax
iii. abdomen and pelvis

33
Q

Ascending aorta

A

Ascending aorta
right and left coronary arteries supply heart

34
Q

3 components that make aortic arch

A

brachiocephalic
-right subclavian supplying right shoulder and upper limb
-right common carotid supplying right side of head.

Left common carotid
supplying the right side of the head

left subclavian
supplying shoulder and upper limbs

35
Q

Descending aorta

A

thoracic aorta above diaphragm
Abdominal aorta below diaphragm

36
Q

1st vessel off the aorta

A

1st vessel off the aorta is the coronary artery which feeds in the heart

37
Q

brachiocephalic which branches into

A

brachiocephalic which branches into subclavian (towards right arm) and carotid artery (toward brain)

38
Q

most critical artery is the

A
  • most critical artery is the aorta and most branch off of it and rely on it for blood supply to reach your organs
39
Q

Phrenic

A

diaphragm

40
Q

celiac

A

upper abdominal organs

41
Q

suprarenal

A

supply adrenal glands that sit on kidneys

42
Q

renal

A

Kidneys

43
Q

gonadal

A

ovaries or testes

44
Q

Arteries of the head and neck receive blood from:

A

Common carotid a.

vertebral a. (Off of subclavian)

45
Q

common carotid divides

A

into internal and external carotid

46
Q

external carotid supplies

A

most external head structures:
1. superior thyroid
2. lingual
3. facial
4. occipital
5. maxillary
6. superficial temporal

47
Q

arterioles take blood from heart to

A

capilliaries

48
Q

venules take blood to heart from

A

capilliaries

49
Q
A

1050-bio (6 decks)

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