unit 4 global challenges key definitions

Question 1

what is a ethical issue?

Answer 1

ethics is what actors ought to do. rather than what they have done or what they are doing

a ethical issue is where there are competing sets of ethics on what actors should do

Question 2

realism

Answer 2

the ideology that the global political arena is made up of individual state and every state acts in its own national interest to ensure its sovergnity.

any cooperation made by states with other global actors is only to further their own national interest
FUNDAMENTALLY- belief that what is best for their citizen should drive states decision

Question 3

cosmopolitanism

Answer 3

the ideology that humanity is one single is one single community regardless of state, culture or levels f economic development all humans are equal and should be treated equally and global actors should act with this motivation
FUNDAMENTALLY- belief that what is best for humanity should drive states decisions

Question 4

justice

Answer 4

refers to the concept of moral rightness based on ethics, law, fairness and equity that importantly, also seeks punishment when said ethics are breached.
extends to global politics through international systems of justice such as the icc and icj which seek to uphold international law and deter future violations

Question 5

ethics

Answer 5

this seeks to address questions of morality and extends to global polictics, as global actors have underlying ethics to their actions such as realism or cosmopolitanism

Question 6

international law

Answer 6

traditionally only relating to states, international law is the body of rules establishing by custom or written legal agreements that are accepted as binding upon the international community.

customary international law applies to all global actors. written legal agreements such as treaties are only binding to those who consent to it through explicit ratification. some int laws may apply only to states such as the UN conventions against torture while others may apply directly to citizens such as war crimes

Question 7

UN human development index

Answer 7

push to measure in terms of the extent to which states are able to furfil their role and meet the needs of thier citizens
UN human development is an attempt to measure development this way uses life expectancy, adult literacy and average local purchasing power