responses to climate change

Question 1

paris agreements and effectiveness

Answer 1

ndc= adopted by consensus 12 dec 2015= 195 unfccc members have signed the agreement 191 have becomes a party= 95% of emissons only x ratified is iran, turkey and iraq
key commitments= keep global temps well below 2.0c and limit the amount of greenhouse gases emitted by human activity.
- can be seen x effective as no NDCs that are 1.5c compatible and only 9 2.0c
-hw when agreement was signed the predicted temp rise was 4-5 now 2.4-2.7
-95% chance is exceeding 1.5 based on 2030 targets and 90% based on long term targets
-every 5 yrs ambition will be raised
-88 parties to paris have net zero pledges and 21 enshrined in law
-36% of global emissions are covered by a net zero for 2050
-100b well short of finance needed= un intergovermental panel on climate change that 1.6-3.8tr is required annually
- problematic that much is given in loans rather than grants+ steered towards mitigation rather than adapation

Question 2

state responses to paris agreement

Answer 2

AUSTRALIA: 2015 submitted first ndc tarhet 26-28% below 2005 levels by 2030 heavily criticised
-oct 2021 2nd ndc did not change ambition
-june 2022- new govt sumits a new ndc target= 43% below 2005 levels by 2030= 2 degrees compatible
-26 july 2022 govt enshires target in bill to parll incl that any future must be a progression beyond current commitments.
USA
- inital ndc 26-28%
-2017 trump withdraws usa from paris, x actioned until nov 2020
- 2021 biden rejoins
- april 22nd 2021- dnc reduce emission by 50-52% below 2030+ march 2021 biden announces us 2tril infrastructure investment plan
- plan includes 100b investment in power grid+ goal of achieving carbon free electricity sector by 2035+ 500,000 new charging stations

Question 3

climate change denial

Answer 3

contributions x binding> nationally determined contributions= individual states should make in order to achieve the world wide goal= detemined
- in the order of national interests climate change is low on the list for many states

Question 4

pmi response to climate change and effectiveness

Answer 4

gap=+ aim of 70% reduction from 2010 ghg emmisons and tabacco curing by 2020 and 0% coal use for tabacco curing by 2020 and 05 deforestation due to cultavation or curing by 2020
-tansport> achived 10% imp in fuel efficeny from 2010-15
-manufacturing> has already achived 26% absoulte co2 emission bw 2010-18
-increased transparency with the cdp
=monetary rewards for corporate executive team, management groupls all employees for emission reduction targets, enviromental criteria applied to all purchases, pmi have placed a internal price on carbon
- assisting states such as mozambique and ethiopia

Question 5

catholic church and responses to climate change

Answer 5

18th june 2015= papal encyclical- laudato si= focus on climate change
meets with trump in 2017 and publicly urges hi to remain in paris
june 8 speaks to oil executives they must covert to clean energy
popes speaking to 180 dimlomats in jan 2019
speaking to the oil executives= agree that there needs to be change hw the oil exectives call on gov for more financial tranparency + x promises to reduce their own emmisons> x successful