Unit 4

Question 1

Any procedure used to evaluate the accuracy of a measurement system and, when sources of error are found, to use that information to correct or improve the measurement system.

Answer 1

Calibration

Question 2

Measurement conducted in a manner such that all instances of the response class(es) of interest are detected during the observation period.

Answer 2

Continuous measurement

Question 3

Occurs when the behavior that is measured is the same as the behavior that is the focus of the investigation.

Answer 3

Direct measurement

Question 4

Measurement conducted in a manner such that some instances of the response class(es) of interest may not be detected.

Answer 4

Discontinuous measurement

Question 5

A motivating operation that increases the effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event as a reinforcer.

Answer 5

Establishing operation

Question 6

The percentage of total intervals in which two observers recorded the same count.

Answer 6

Exact count-per-interval IOA

Question 7

A natural science approach to the study of behavior as a subject matter in its own right founded by B.F. Skinner. Its methodological features include rate of response as a basic dependent variable, repeated or continuous measurement of clearly defined response classes, within-subject experimental comparisons instead of group design, visual analysis of graphed data instead of statistical inference, and an emphasis on describing functional relations between behavior and controlling variables in the environment over formal theory testing.

Answer 7

Experimental analysis of behavior

Question 8

The process by which, when a previously reinforced behavior is no longer followed by the reinforcing consequences, the frequency of the behavior decreases in the future.

Answer 8

Extinction

Question 9

A request for help unrelated to treatment that may conflict with BACB Guidelines for Responsible Conduct of Behavior Analysts.

Answer 9

Favor

Question 10

Sharing information about clients in a manner that seems innocent, but is actually a breach of confidentiality.

Answer 10

Gossip

Question 11

A decrease in responsiveness to repeated presentations of a stimulus

Answer 11

Habituation

Question 12

An inclusive term referring in general to all of a person’s learning experiences, and more specifically to past conditioning with respect to particular response classes or aspects of a person’s repertoire.

Answer 12

History of reinforcement

Question 13

Occurs when the behavior that is measured is in some way different from the behavior of interest.

Answer 13

Indirect measurement

Question 14

Occurs when two observers independently observe and record a person’s behavior at the same time and agree on the occurrence of the behavior.

Answer 14

Interobserver agreement

Question 15

An index of the agreement between observers for data obtained by interval recording or time sampling measurement.

Answer 15

Interval-by-interval IOA

Question 16

The average percentage of agreements between the counts reported by two observers in a measurement period comprised of a series of smaller counting times.

Answer 16

Mean count-per-interval IOA

Question 17

An IOA index for duration per occurrence data, calculated by computing the average percentage of agreement of the durations reported by two observers for each occurrence of the targeted behavior.

Answer 17

Mean duration-per-occurrence IOA

Question 18

An approach to explaining behavior that assumes that an “inner” dimension exists that differs from a behavioral dimension, and that phenomena in this dimension either directly cause or at least mediate some forms of behavior.

Answer 18

Mentalism

Question 19

An observer who is unaware of the study’s purpose and/or the experimental conditions in effect during a given phase or observation periods.

Answer 19

Naive observer

Question 20

The rules about conduct an individual learns as a cumulative result of experiences throughout the lifespan.

Answer 20

Personal ethics

Question 21

Explicit rules about conduct that govern individuals who work in a field.

Answer 21

Professional ethics

Question 22

Section 1.01 of the BACB Guidelines, which states that analysts must base their methods of assessment on systematic, objective observations of behavior.

Answer 22

Reliance on scientific knowledge

Question 23

Unwelcome advances, requests for sexual favors, and any form of behavior that is sufficiently severe and pervasive and produces an abusive working environment.

Answer 23

Sexual harassment

Question 24

Evasive tactics for avoiding the truth.

Answer 24

White lies