Unit 4 Exam

Question 1

Henri Bourassa

Answer 1

a leading French-Canadian nationalist. A successful politician and journalist, he opposed Canada’s close imperial connections, joined his own french national party

Question 2

Mackenzie King

Answer 2

Prime minister of Canada during the great depression, promised to “contribute to relief” but said “not a five-cent to a province with a Tory administration”. He was a liberal. He only would help liberal provinces.

Question 3

RB Bennett

Answer 3

Conservative Prime minister that followed Mackenzie He was even more reluctant to initiate extensive government intervention in economic and social arenas. He disliked spending money on massive public works or relief payments. In his opinion, unemployment was a provincial and municipal responsibility, and neither level of government could expect significant funds from Ottawa. Bennett also tried to reach out to world markets, Bennett tried once again to revive the idea of colonial preference, He succeeded in negotiating a deal where countries of the British Commonwealth would lower tariffs if it did not affect their industry.

Question 4

Tommy Douglas

Answer 4

Elected in Saskatchewan, he was the head of the CCF, he was in a majority government, and he started the first free health care system in 1946 and everyone in the province had free health care.

Question 5

Bible Bill Aberhart

Answer 5

He was the founder and leader of the Social Credit Party in Alberta

Question 6

Compromise

Answer 6

a way of reaching an agreement in which each person or group gives up something that was wanted to end an argument or dispute.

Question 7

Alaskan Boundary Dispute

Answer 7

Canadian Sovereignty was further tested when the border with Alaska was clarified, A council of six delegates was appointed to the issue: Three Americans, Two Canadians, One Brit, The British official eventually sided with the Americans. Canadians felt betrayed by the British as they sacrificed Canadian concerns in favor of better relations with the United States, Canadians felt a new sense of nationalism after the Alaska boundary dispute.

Question 8

Reciprocity (1911 election)

Answer 8

The election of 1911 was based on foreign issues, Borden attacked the Liberals on their policy of reciprocity saying it would lead to annexation, In Quebec the Conservatives focused on Laurier’s support of Britain, Based on anti-American and by playing on the fears of the French the Conservative swept to power

Question 9

Boer War

Answer 9

In 1897 Chamberlain appointed Lord Minto Governor-General and Major-General Edward Hutton commander of the Canadian Militia. Both men were imperialists and supported colonial participation in imperial defense. In 1898, Britain went to war in South Africa, fighting Dutch colonies. Chamberlin wanted Canada to support the war and it caused a division in Canada. Imperialists wanted to help Britain and the French didn’t see it benefiting them.

Question 10

Naval Crisis

Answer 10

In 1907 Laurier returned to Britain for another Colonial Conference, He was now the premier delegate as Chamberlain had retired from politics, and Britain asked for financial support in its arms race with Germany Again Laurier compromised he implemented plans to build a Canadian Nav, This navy could be placed under the British Admiralty in a time of war, Bourassa claimed this would only encourage Britain to go to war, Conservative leader Robert Borden called it a ‘tin pot’ navy and Canada should contribute financially, Again Laurier was able to preserve some National Unity

Question 11

League of Nations

Answer 11

Canada became a member of the League of Nations, The organization was an international organization, created after the First World War to provide a forum for resolving international disputes.

Question 12

Normandy (D’DAY)

Answer 12

June 6, 1944, allied forces launched a massive invasion along the beaches of Normandy during world war 2. Allies successfully gained a foothold in western europe and began the liberation of France from nazi occupation.

Question 13

Liberation of Netherlands (Holland)

Answer 13

After years on german occupation, canadian forces played a crucial role in liberating the country

Question 14

Communism (Bolshevism)

Answer 14

violence to overthrow the system

Question 15

Statute of Westminster

Answer 15

In 1931, the Statute of Westminster was ratified by the Parliament by the British Parliament. It granted the Dominions full legal autonomy except in those areas where they chose not to take advantage of that autonomy.

Question 16

War Measures Act

Answer 16

It was enacted during the times of war or national emergency to grant the government extraordinary powers. The act allowed for the suspicion of civil liberties, the internment of individuals, and the censorship of communication. One notable use of the war measures act was during world war 1 and 2, when it was employed to restrict the rights of certain ethnic groups. The act has been a subject of debate and criticism, as it raises questions about the balance between national security and individual freedoms.

Question 17

Enemy Aliens Act

Answer 17

As the war continued and casualties mounted, a perception developed that the burdens of war were not being carried equally by all Canadians. Pacifist religious sects such as Doukhobors, Mennonites, and Hutterites, were targets of resentment. Classified Germans, Austrians, and Hungarians who had not yet become British subjects as “Enemy Aliens” These people were forced to Register with the local magistrate, Report monthly, and Give up firearms.

Question 18

Collective Rights

Answer 18

rights held by a group as a whole rather than individually by its members

Question 19

Wartime Elections Act

Answer 19

It was enacted during the times of war or national emergency to grant the government extraordinary powers. The act allowed for the suspicion of civil liberties, the internment of individuals, and the censorship of communication. One notable use of the war measures act was during world war 1 and 2, when it was employed to restrict the rights of certain ethnic groups. The act has been a subject of debate and criticism, as it raises questions about the balance between national security and individual freedoms.

Question 20

Conscription

Answer 20

compulsory enrollment for service in a country’s armed forces

Question 21

Welfare State

Answer 21

a system where the government has the protection of the health and well-being of its citizens, especially those in financial or social needs, by means of grants, pensions, and other benefits.

Question 22

Universal Health Care

Answer 22

funded through a health system called medicare.it was created from the canada health act and must comply with the five pillars of that act, the system must be universal, publicly administered, have comprehensive coverage, portable across provinces and accessible to the population

Question 23

Social Safety Net

Answer 23

consists of a non-contributory assistance existing to improve lives of vulnerable families and individuals experiencing poverty and destitution, comprises a wide range of federal, provincial and joint federal provincial programs. Ex free health care

Question 24

Classical Liberalism

Answer 24

government has no control on the people so everyone just spent crazy amounts of money. Banks were handing out many loans. This was reason to the start of the great depression.

Question 25

Reform Liberalism

Answer 25

he CCF was the first party to practice reform liberalism Reform Liberalism
-Allows state intervention
-Creates an environment that
-enhances opportunities for individuals
-Removed “intolerable” inequities in society
-Did not trust in the marketplace

Question 26

Laissez-Faire

Answer 26

After the War, the government became less involved in the economy and allowed business to flourish. By practicing Laissez-faire economics the business interest of the Canadian East grew, The market was left relatively unregulated. Hands off government- can do what you want.

Question 27

On-To-Ottawa Trek

Answer 27

Started in Vancouver, tons of unemployed men got on the train on the way to Ottawa to protest for change during the great depression

Question 28

Regina Riots

Answer 28

The people from the ottawa Trek on the train got stopped in Regina, strike leaders were allowed to continue on but the rest stayed in Regina, Bennett agreed to speak with the leader but didn’t go well, in result the people started blowing thing up, flipping train cars, etc.

Question 29

Winnipeg General Strike

Answer 29

On May 15, 1919, the first and only General Strike began in Winnipeg, Metal workers demanded better pay and a shorter work week, To support the metal workers 30 000 other men left their jobs, Only the railway workers remained on the job, The leaders of the strike were R.B. Russell, Ernest Robinson, and William Ivens, They became known as the “Winnipeg Soviet”, The strike included hydro workers, firemen, and milkmen. The Strike was motivated by high prices and low wages after the war.

Question 30

Great Depression

Answer 30

The stock market crash of 1929 was the beginning of an era stretching from 1929-1939 known as the Great Depression. The depression affected all aspects of the Canadian economy Farming, Railways, and Auto, Without the foreign markets people did not have a way to sell goods, and Without a place to sell goods no one had money to buy goods

Question 31

French vs English (Nationalism vs. Imperialists)

Answer 31

Nationalism is the belief in the importance of one’s own nation and the desire for self governance, while imperialists seek to expand their influence and control over other nations. The French speaking population, primarily in Quebec, has a strong sense of nationalism and a desire to preserve their language and culture. The English speaking population, particularly in other provinces, has historically held more power and influence (imperialism). This dynamic has shaped Canadian history and politics, with ongoing debates and negotiations to find a balance between the two linguistic groups.

Question 32

External vs Internal Forces

Answer 32

external forces refer to factors outside of a country’s borders that can influence its development such as international relations, trade, and global events. Internal forces are factors within a country that shape its growth, such as political, economic, and social dynamics.

Question 33

Wilfrid Laurier

Answer 33

The first French Prime Minister from 1896 - 1911 and he was a liberal. Under him, Canada became a national identity. Lost his election because of reciprocity. He thought compromise was the best.
- Naval Crisis(Tin pot Navy)- Conservative leader Robert Borden called it a ‘tin pot’ navy and Canada should contribute financially
-Alaskan border- Canadian sovereignty was further tested when the border with Alaska was clarified. A council of six delegates were appointed to the issue:
Three Americans
Two Canadians
One Brit
The British official eventually sided with the Americans, Canadians felt betrayed.
-Boer war-
-Reciprocity-

Question 34

What are the 4 factors of Laurier not getting re elected

Answer 34

-Naval crises(tin pot navy)
- reciprocity
-Alaskan border dispute
- Boer war

Question 35

Know TWO competing groups in Canada with different views (HINT: Nationalists vs Imperialists)

Answer 35

Nationalists in Canada, like the French-speaking population in Quebec, sought to preserve their language, culture, and identity within a predominantly English-speaking country. They emphasized Canadian sovereignty and independence. Imperialists, often associated with the English-speaking population in other provinces, held closer ties to the British empire and saw Canada role as a part of a larger imperial network. This dynamic

Question 36

Know what Conscription was who opposed it and why they did

Answer 36

conscription is a policy where individuals are required by law to serve in the military. French Canadians were largely opposed to conscription, farmers in English-speaking Canada, trade unionists and some religious communities,the issue divided English and French Canada. For many French Canadians, the war became identified with Britain and English Canada. The military service act of 1917 lead to conscription.

Question 37

Know how WWI reshaped the internal and external relations of Canada

Answer 37

Internally the war brought significant changes to Canadian society. It led to a surge in nationalism and patriotism, as Canadians rallied together to support the war effort. The war also brought about social and economic transformations, including increased government intervention in the economy and the expansion of women’s roles in the workforce. Externally Canada’s participation in the war elevated its international standing. The sacrifices made by Canadian soldiers on the battlefield helped to solidify Canada’s identity as a nation separate from britain. Canada’s contribution to the war effort paved the war for increased diplomatic independence and recognition on the world stage.

Question 38

Know how the two groups reacted to events in Canada (Hint: Canada and Empire; WWI)

Answer 38

Nationalists believed Laurier had gone too far with supporting Britain after the Naval service Crisis meanwhile imperialists believe that Laurier did not help Britain enough.

Question 39

Know what sovereignty is and how Canada did not have it until 1932 (Who made our decisions? Which external events demonstrate a non-Canadian decision?)

Answer 39

Sovereignty is supreme power or authority, in 1932 Canada gained its independence from Britain external force was ww2 before that all decisions for Canada were made by britain.

Question 40

Know the regional parties that emerged during the Great Depression.

Answer 40

The conservative and Liberal parties emerged together to form the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation (NDP party). and the social credit party. (alberta)

Question 41

Be able to describe major policies from ONE of the new parties.

Answer 41

The CCF policies were: crop insurance for farmers, government ownership of banks, government supplied services for all citizens and programs to support the unemployed and seniors.

Question 42

Know the difference between RIGHT and left-wing politics

Answer 42

The left wing is characterized by ideas such as freedom, equality, fraternity, rights, progress, reform, and internationalism while the right wing is more economic, and it’s characterized by notions such as authority, hierarchy, order, duty, tradition, reaction and nationalism.

Question 43

Know the difference between Communism and Socialism

Answer 43

Communism is where the government owns everything and has complete control, usually coming into place by violence to overthrow the system. Countries like Russia (USSR) used communism. Socialism is when there is common or public ownership of resources in attempts for a more equal society. The NDP is a socialist political party.