Unit #4: Evolution test Flashcards
What are Homologous structures?
The same basic structures appear in different but related organisms (indicating a common ancestor)
Give an example of a homologous structure.
the limbs of cats, humans, whales, and bat
What are analogous structures?
Body parts that serve similar functions, but do not share structure and development
Give an example of an analogous structure.
the wings of penguins, birds, butterflies, etc.
What did James Hutton propose?
hat Earth has been slowly shaped by geologic processes over very long periods of time, thus saying that Earth must be millions of years old
What did Charles Lyell propose?
that the geological processes that Hutton talked about are also happening today
Give a definition of evolution.
The way life changes over time
What are Jean Baptiste Lamarck’s 3 hypotheses
Use and Disuse, the Tendency Toward Perfection, and Inheritance of Acquired Traits
What is convergent evolution?
Organisms that are not related in two different areas of the world. But those areas have similar geographical conditions so they will evolve similarly
What is divergent evolution?
Species that are related by a common ancestor and became more dissimilar over time
What are the 3 ways that reproductive isolation happens?
Behavioral, geographical, temporal
What are vestigial organs?
organs that seem to have no modern function but come from very late ancestors who did use them
Give a definition for struggle for existence.
The competition or battle for resources needed to live
How did the Bajau people evolve
They can dive underwater for extended periods of time. Able to do this because of their extended spleens, which allow them to hold their breath a lot longer
Give an definition for natural selection.
Populations change over time because individuals who inherit traits best suited to their environment leave more offspring than less suited individuals, leading to gradual, favorable changes in the population
Insecticide resistance
Many bugs, like bed bugs and lice, are becoming immune to our treatments towards them and its becoming more and more difficult to get rid of them
MRSA
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteria that is resistant to penicillin is called MRSA. It is a cause of staph infection that is difficult to treat because it has become resistant to antibiotics (evolution)
Andes people
Live on tall mountains with little oxygen so they produce more red blood cells to help with the lack of oxygen.
Himalayan people
Are in the same situation as the Andes people but instead of producing more red blood cells, they breath rapidly, have more nitric-oxide, higher body weight + fat, more falate (more vitamins)
Lactose persistence
Many people in the europeans and parts of Africa and Asia continues to eat and drink dairy when others around the world couldn’t, leaving them to continue developing lactose persistent as they grow and reproduced
Peppered moth
Overtime, the color of the trees changed. When the trees were dark, the black moths thrived while the white ones got killed off much more. When the trees are light, its swapped
Describe the Galapagos Islands (why is life there so diverse?)
They are small chains of islands off the coast of South America, its so diverse because of the diversity of the different islands (climate, elevations, etc.)
Why were Darwin’s ideas so controversial at the time?
Because his theory of evolution went against what churches/religion said (god created everything at the same time)
Why do we study Lamarck’s ideas if they are flawed?
Although he is wrong, he still suggested that evolution occurred, and also had an explanation for it (still wrong though). He at least got people to consider that living things could change