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Module 7 > UNIT 4: Emergency Preparedness > Flashcards

UNIT 4: Emergency Preparedness Flashcards

1
Q

What is a disaster?

A

A catastrophic event that leads to major property damage, a large number of injuries, displaced individuals or major loss of life

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2
Q

How can we begin to make a plan for a disaster event?

A
  1. Get informed
  2. Get an “out of town” contact person
  3. Establish a preselected meeting place
  4. Have a family communication plan
  5. Map out escape routes and safe places
  6. Make a plan for pets
  7. Put together a disaster supplies kit
  8. Take an inventory of all home possessions
  9. Protect important records and documents
  10. Check your insurance coverage
  11. Learn how to turn off water, gas, electricity.
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3
Q

What are the disaster phases?

A
  1. Preimpact phase
    • Communication is critical
  2. Impact phase
    • Protection for first responders
  3. Postimpact
    • Evaluation
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4
Q

What disaster phase takes the longest?

A
  1. Evaluation- after the actual disaster we begin this phase. It can take as little as hours or last years.
  2. It is time were we reflect on everything
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5
Q

What are internal emergencies? and name some examples

A
  1. Emergency that happens within the facility
  2. Fire inside the building, active shooter, power loss, gass leaks are examples
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6
Q

What are external emergnecies and what are some examples

A
  1. Outside of the health care facility
  2. Tornadoes, floods, bus crash, plane crash, fire, bad storm
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7
Q

What is the nurses role in disaster planning and emergency response?

A
  1. Nurses will function outside of their usual practice setting
  2. They may assume a variety of roles in meeting the needs of disaster victims
  3. Nurses must be able to perform under stressful and sometimes physically dangerious conditions.
  4. Must keep in mind the nurse practice act.
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8
Q

What is a mass casualty incident? (MCI)

A

Large number of injuries usually over a 1000. Causualty does not just mean dead. It means injuried, dead or dying.

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9
Q

MCIs always require assistance from….

A

People/resources outside the community

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10
Q

Triage for mass casualtiy

A
  1. Triage of casualties differs from usual ED triage and is conducted in less than 15 seconds
  2. Stystem of colored tags designates both seriousness of injury and likelihood of survival
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11
Q

What are the tag colors and what do they represent in a MCi

A
  1. Green: Walking wounded, least amount of injuries. Can walk when instructed for everyone to “come over here”
  2. Yellow: Hurt a little more- does not require immediate tx but tx soon. Does not meet red criteria but may not be able to walk
  3. Red: Our main focus- need immediate tx. Usually taken to ED, OR, ICU ASAP… need help breathing or assistance with airway
  4. Black: dead or dying…outcome is usually dealth. family allowed to visit. Treated for comfort
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12
Q

Who would you see first?
1. sucking chest wound
2. Full thickness burns on 60% of body

A

Sucking chest wound

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13
Q

Who would we see first?
1. Distended tender abdomen
2. Sucking chest wound

A

Sucking chest wound

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14
Q

Who would we see first?
1. person who cant stop crying
2. sucking chest wound
3. pt with broken arm
4. A dead patient
5. Scalp laceration (deep)

A
  1. Sucking chest wound (red)
  2. Scalp Laceration
  3. Pt crying (to prevent painc)
  4. Pt with broken arm
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15
Q

Out main focus for our casualities is…

A

Treat and stabalize

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16
Q

Total number of casualties a hospital can expect is estimated by…

A

doubling number of casualties that arrive in the 1st hour

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17
Q

What are different types of terrorism-biological agents?

A
  1. Anthrax
  2. Plague
  3. Tularemia
  4. Smallpox
  5. Botulism
  6. Hemorrhagic fever
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18
Q

What do we need to know about anthrax?

KNOW

A
  1. Treated with ciprofloxcin
  2. Still active and passed on by sheep
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19
Q

What do we need to know about the plague?

A
  1. Still active
20
Q

What should we know about tularemia?

A
  1. Blood born disease
21
Q

what do we need to know about small pox?

A
  1. Immediately notify supervisior to have them call employee health to get small pox vaccine (varicella or variola)
  2. Not erridicated
22
Q

What do we need to know about botulism?

A
  1. Paraylsis the resp system.
  2. Easy to obtain
  3. Easy to spread (salad bar)
23
Q

What do we need to know about hemorrhagic fever?

A
  1. EBOLA.. no treatment expect for the tx of the symptoms ..
  2. hope they can hang on until it passes.
24
Q

What are different type sof chemical agents?

A
  1. Sarin- Nerve
  2. Phosgene- Pulmonary
  3. Hydrogen Cyanide- Blood born
  4. Mustard gas- Blister/vesicants (still around)
25
Q

What should we know about sarin chemical agent?

A
  1. 1st line tx is atropine then TOPAM
  2. They bind with the nerve gas and help remove it from the body.
  3. Can cause death within mins
26
Q

What is Sarin?

A

It is an organophosphate (seen alot in the farming community)- in pest control products or fertilizers.

27
Q

What are s/s of sarin posioning?

A
  1. slobbering
  2. Dirrhea
  3. loss of control of bowel and bladder.
28
Q

What is the national stockpile and how long does it take to get the help??

A
  1. strategic national stockpile
  2. The SNS is a national repository of antibitotics, chemical antidotes, antitoxins, life-support medications, IV administration, airway maintenance supplies, and medical/surgical items
  3. Supplies will be shipped to arrive within 24 to 36 hours
29
Q

What are radiologic/nuclear agents of terrorism?

A
  1. Radiologic dispersal device (RDDs)
    • Main danger from RDDs: the explosion
  2. Ionizing radiation
    • Exposure may or may not include skin contamination with radioactive material

Follows a predictable pattern
Decontamination– soap and water

30
Q

Why is decontamination important?

A

If you let a contaminated person into a clean zone they will start radiating in that zone infecting more.

31
Q

What is your first intervention when a patient walks into the ED and states that he was exposed to a gas bomb…

A

Immediately take yourself and the patient to a decon area

32
Q

What is decontamination/?

A
  1. The physical removal of toxic agents
  2. Prevent secondary exposure
  3. Increases chance of survival
  4. Soon as possible
33
Q

Do we pat dry or wipe dry during decon?

A

Pat

34
Q

What should we know about explosive devices as agents of terrorism?

A
  1. Result in one or more of the followin types of injuries: Blast, crush, or penetrating
35
Q

What kind of damage does an explosive device usually do?

A

Damage to the
1. Lungs, middle ear, gi tract
2. brain, heart and circulatory system
3. traumatic amputations, fractures, crush injuries

It basically effects your hallow organs, the closer you are the more damage you take. People in certina zones of the explosion are doomed.

36
Q

If we have a patient come to the ED after being in the HOT zone of an explosion with an amutation, bleeding
ear what should we know about this patinet

A

Prognosis is likely death due to the increased risk of internal organ damage

37
Q

Once EMS tags a patient they can go ____ but never ____

A

down (worse) up(better)

38
Q

What do we do if we recieve a bomb threat?

A

When you recieve that call
1. Ask questions
2. Listen for background noises: can you tell where they are
3. The callers voice: male or female, deep or not..
4. Remain calm: Keep them on the phone as long as possible.
5. DO NOT HANG UP
6. Ask full name, listen for accents/studders
7. Ask address
8. NEVER say we will find you, you are gunna get caught

39
Q

What should we know about CERTs (community emergency response teams.

A

Communities have initated programs to help those who are untrained in the medical field to be of some assistence.

  1. We train them to provide life-saving skills with emphasis on decision making and rescuer safety
  2. All health care providers have a role in emergency and MCI preparedness
40
Q

What should we know about DMAT teams?

A
  1. Respose to MCIs often requires the aid of a federal agency such as the National disaster medical systme
  2. NDMS : organizes and trains volunteer disaster medical assistance tems (DMAT)
    • categorized according to ability to respond to an MCI
41
Q

What is a critical incident stress managment?

A
  1. Arranges group discussions to allow participants to verbalize and validate their feelings and emotions about the experience
42
Q

What aspects are apart of the emergency managment team?

A
  1. Incident command
  2. Disaster plans: Each hospital has their own
  3. Surge capacity: Total # of people you can have in the hospital. In a disaster there is no such thing as surge capacity
  4. Lockdown Plan: active shooter, threats, hospital alone has a millions doors… with lockdown plans we want 1 in 1 out
  5. Staffing plan: each unit has a call down list. as staff you are expected to participate.
43
Q

Hospital bed availability in a MCI or disaster… what should we know

A
  1. We start to reverse triage to increase surge capacity..
  2. Look at who can be discharged
44
Q

During a MCI or disaster can the person who just had thier tonsils removed 14 hours ago be discharged?

A

Yes, because they are stable, and this procedure is normally done outpatient

45
Q

Can the person who has active chest pain be discharged during a MCI/disaster when trying to make more room

A

No

46
Q

Can a person coming in for an elective surgery be discharged during an MCI/disaster to make more room??

A

yes

47
Q

Your town has a small earthquake that brings in tons of patients. After checking on your own family you return to the hospital where you as assigned a student nurse. out of the following options what can the student nurse do alone with out supervision to help assist

  1. IV antibiotics (adminster them)
  2. Take pt to lobby that has been discharged
  3. Pt waiting to go to OR.
A

Take pt to lobby that has been discharged

Module 7 (22 decks)

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