Unit 4-Cold War Flashcards
Red menace
Communism or the soviets
Theory of containment
Containment is a military strategy to stop expansion of an enemy, ie. Preventing the spread of communism
Iron curtain
An imaginary boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas
Gouzenko Affair
In 1945 a Russian had papers that proved there was a soviet ring in Canada, no one believed him until soviet spies broke into his apartment
NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization. An alliance between Canada, UK, US, and west European countries. Collective security
Warsaw Pact
An alliance between the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries in 1955
Avro arrow
A supersonic jet aircraft. In 1959 the project was cancelled by diefenbaker because it was too expensive.
NORAD
North America air defence agreement. In 1957 it was agreed upon. It would include fighter forces, missile bases, and air-defence radar.
Korean War
Korea was divided into two, north was communist and south was democratic. North Korea was baked by Soviet Union. South Korea was backed by the US. 1950 north attacked south. Pearson urged all sides to a ceasefire which was reached in 1953. Canada sent troops.
Vietnam War
Vietnam was in two sides, north was communist, south was a dictatorship and supported by US. US sent troops in 1960, Pearson critizized the bombings and US involvement.
DEW line
Distant early warning
Berlin Wall
Was built by east Germany around West Berlin to keep west Germany out
Middle power
Trudeau’s government aimed for Canada to bridge gaps between the North and South and the East and West.
UN
In 1945, based on collective security.
Security council
5 main members: China, Soviet Union, France, Britain, US. Each of these have veto power
Suez Canal
In 1956 egypt’s president Nasser took over the canal. Egypt threatened Israel, and France and Britain attacked Egypt. Soviet allied with Egypt. Pearson suggested UN emergency force be sent to meditate.
Peacekeeping
Suggested by Lester Pearson
Somalia
‘Operation restore hope’. Ended badly with Canadian forces arresting a teenager and beating him to death.
Rwanda
Was torn apart by ethnic rivalries between France and Belgium. UN peacekeepers were sent to control the slaughter. US wouldn’t help out and many people died.
Teenager
Baby boomers spent more time in school so they invented the teenager. Rock n’ roll was popular.
Suburbs
Suburbs around the cities and were cheaper.
CBC
Canadian broadcasting cooperation. Recommended a radio broadcasting to lower the influence of American broadcasting
CTRC
Canadian Radio-Television and Telecomunications commission. Created to regulate the broadcasting of US content
NFB
National film board
Displaced persons
Millions of refugees that were in camps across Europe. Canada accepted almost 200,000. They preferred cities to suburbs
Baby boom
The increase in the birth rate in the post-war until 1960 was when Canads’s birth rate was the highest in the industrial world.
John diefenbaker
Diefenbaker had agreed to buy the BOMARC missile but it was undecided if Canada would accept the US nuclear weapon. He refused them.
Lester B Pearson
Came up with UN peacekeeping, allowed war heads on Canadian soil.
Pierre Trudeau (Papa Trudeau)
Trudeau was pretty chill. He believed in “just society”. He brought the constitution home to Canada in 1982 and made an amending formula and the charter of rights and freedoms. Trade and aid to other countries and CIDA.
Jean Chrétien
Organized “team Canada” and increased Canada’s trading opportunities. Canada joined APEC.
Tommy Douglas
Introduced Medicare, became leader of NDP.
Essay Question: how did Canada become more independent in the years 1945-1982?
- diefenbaker refused to place Canada’s NORAD forces on alert. Didn’t allow US planes with atomic weapons to land at Canadian bases.
- pearson’s UN peacekeeping.
- Trudeau’s trade and aid
- Trudeau removing nuclear weapons from Canadian soil.
- Trudeau patriating the constitution in 1982. He included a charter of rights and freedoms. Came up with an amending formula.
