Unit-4: Chemistry in everyday life

Question 1

What is the main purpose of food preservatives?

Answer 1

To prevent spoilage due to microbial growth or oxidation.

Question 2

Name two commonly used synthetic preservatives.

Answer 2

Sodium benzoate and sorbic acid.

Question 3

What are Class I preservatives?

Answer 3

Natural preservatives like salt, sugar, and vinegar.

Question 4

What are antioxidants used for in food?

Answer 4

To prevent oxidation and rancidity, preserving the quality of fats and oils.

Question 5

Give an example of a natural antioxidant.

Answer 5

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid).

Question 6

What is the sweetness level of aspartame compared to sugar?

Answer 6

200 times sweeter than sugar.

Question 7

What artificial sweetener is suitable for baking and cooking?

Answer 7

Sucralose.

Question 8

How does vinegar act as a preservative?

Answer 8

Its acetic acid content inhibits microbial growth.

Question 9

How are soaps made?

Answer 9

By the saponification process, reacting fats/oils with alkali.

Question 10

Name one advantage of detergents over soaps.

Answer 10

Detergents work in hard water, whereas soaps do not.

Question 11

What is the role of micelles in cleansing?

Answer 11

Micelles trap grease and dirt, allowing them to be washed away with water.

Question 12

What type of detergent is sodium lauryl sulfate?

Answer 12

An anionic detergent.

Question 13

What is the difference between narcotic and non-narcotic analgesics?

Answer 13

Narcotic analgesics (e.g., morphine) can cause addiction, while non-narcotic analgesics (e.g., aspirin) do not.

Question 14

Give an example of a major tranquilizer.

Answer 14

Chlorpromazine.

Question 15

What is the primary use of antacids?

Answer 15

To neutralize excess stomach acid.

Question 16

Name two disinfectants.

Answer 16

Bleach and phenol.

Question 17

How do antiseptics differ from disinfectants?

Answer 17

Antiseptics are used on living tissues, while disinfectants are used on surfaces.

Question 18

What are antihistamines used for?

Answer 18

To relieve allergy symptoms by blocking histamine receptors.

Question 19

Name a common antifertility drug.

Answer 19

Norethindrone.

Question 20

What is the role of magnesium hydroxide in medicine?

Answer 20

It acts as an antacid to neutralize stomach acid.

Question 21

What are antibiotics?

Answer 21

Drugs that inhibit or kill bacterial growth.

Question 22

Give an example of an antibiotic.

Answer 22

Penicillin.

Question 23

What is the function of stabilizing agents in food?

Answer 23

To maintain the consistency and texture of food products.

Question 24

Name one chelating agent used as a preservative.

Answer 24

Citric acid.

Question 25

What are minor tranquilizers also known as?

Answer 25

Anxiolytics.

Question 26

What is propionic acid commonly used for?

Answer 26

To inhibit mold growth in baked goods.

Question 27

Which food additive was introduced in 1924 to prevent goitre?

Answer 27

Iodine added to table salt.

Question 28

Why is saccharin often combined with other sweeteners?

Answer 28

Because it is unstable at high temperatures.

Question 29

What is the main benefit of antifertility drugs?

Answer 29

Reducing the risk of pregnancy without interfering with sexual activity.

Question 30

Name a food product commonly preserved with benzoates.

Answer 30

Fruit juices or carbonated beverages.

Question 31

What is the pH range where benzoates are most effective as preservatives?

Answer 31

pH 2.5 to 4.

Question 32

What is BHT used for?

Answer 32

As an antioxidant to prevent rancidity in food.