Unit-4: Chemistry in everyday life Flashcards
What is the main purpose of food preservatives?
To prevent spoilage due to microbial growth or oxidation.
Name two commonly used synthetic preservatives.
Sodium benzoate and sorbic acid.
What are Class I preservatives?
Natural preservatives like salt, sugar, and vinegar.
What are antioxidants used for in food?
To prevent oxidation and rancidity, preserving the quality of fats and oils.
Give an example of a natural antioxidant.
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid).
What is the sweetness level of aspartame compared to sugar?
200 times sweeter than sugar.
What artificial sweetener is suitable for baking and cooking?
Sucralose.
How does vinegar act as a preservative?
Its acetic acid content inhibits microbial growth.
How are soaps made?
By the saponification process, reacting fats/oils with alkali.
Name one advantage of detergents over soaps.
Detergents work in hard water, whereas soaps do not.
What is the role of micelles in cleansing?
Micelles trap grease and dirt, allowing them to be washed away with water.
What type of detergent is sodium lauryl sulfate?
An anionic detergent.
What is the difference between narcotic and non-narcotic analgesics?
Narcotic analgesics (e.g., morphine) can cause addiction, while non-narcotic analgesics (e.g., aspirin) do not.
Give an example of a major tranquilizer.
Chlorpromazine.
What is the primary use of antacids?
To neutralize excess stomach acid.
Name two disinfectants.
Bleach and phenol.
How do antiseptics differ from disinfectants?
Antiseptics are used on living tissues, while disinfectants are used on surfaces.
What are antihistamines used for?
To relieve allergy symptoms by blocking histamine receptors.
Name a common antifertility drug.
Norethindrone.
What is the role of magnesium hydroxide in medicine?
It acts as an antacid to neutralize stomach acid.
What are antibiotics?
Drugs that inhibit or kill bacterial growth.
Give an example of an antibiotic.
Penicillin.
What is the function of stabilizing agents in food?
To maintain the consistency and texture of food products.
Name one chelating agent used as a preservative.
Citric acid.
What are minor tranquilizers also known as?
Anxiolytics.
What is propionic acid commonly used for?
To inhibit mold growth in baked goods.
Which food additive was introduced in 1924 to prevent goitre?
Iodine added to table salt.
Why is saccharin often combined with other sweeteners?
Because it is unstable at high temperatures.
What is the main benefit of antifertility drugs?
Reducing the risk of pregnancy without interfering with sexual activity.
Name a food product commonly preserved with benzoates.
Fruit juices or carbonated beverages.
What is the pH range where benzoates are most effective as preservatives?
pH 2.5 to 4.
What is BHT used for?
As an antioxidant to prevent rancidity in food.
