Unit-2: Biology in everyday life

Question 1

What are the main types of carbohydrates?

Answer 1

Monosaccharides: Simple sugars (e.g., glucose, fructose).
Disaccharides: Two monosaccharides linked together (e.g., sucrose, lactose).
Polysaccharides: Long chains of monosaccharides (e.g., starch, glycogen, cellulose).

Question 2

What is the function of carbohydrates in the body?

Answer 2

Energy source: Glucose is broken down for ATP production.
Energy storage: Glycogen (in animals) and starch (in plants).
Structural support: Cellulose in plant cell walls.

Question 3

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Answer 3

Amino acids: There are 20 different amino acids that form proteins.

Question 4

How do proteins function in the body?

Answer 4

Catalysts: Enzymes speed up biochemical reactions.
Transport: Hemoglobin carries oxygen.
Structure: Collagen provides strength to connective tissues.
Defense: Antibodies fight pathogens.

Question 5

What are the types of lipids and their functions?

Answer 5

Triglycerides: Energy storage.
Phospholipids: Form cell membranes.
Steroids: Include cholesterol and hormones like testosterone.

Question 6

What are the building blocks of lipids?

Answer 6

Fatty acids and glycerol.

Question 7

What are the fat-soluble vitamins?

Answer 7

Vitamins A, D, E, and K.

Question 8

What are the functions of Vitamin A?

Answer 8

Supports vision, immune function, and skin health.

Question 9

What is the primary function of Vitamin C?

Answer 9

Acts as an antioxidant and helps in collagen synthesis for wound healing.

Question 10

What is the role of Vitamin D in the body?

Answer 10

Regulates calcium and phosphorus absorption, promoting bone health.

Question 11

What mineral is essential for oxygen transport in the blood?

Answer 11

Iron: Found in hemoglobin, it carries oxygen from the lungs to tissues.

Question 12

What is the function of calcium in the body?

Answer 12

Supports bone and tooth structure, and plays a role in muscle contraction and nerve signaling.

Question 13

Why is zinc important for the body?

Answer 13

Supports immune function, protein synthesis, and wound healing.

Question 14

What causes Cholera and how is it spread?

Answer 14

Cause: Vibrio cholerae bacteria.
Spread: Contaminated water and food.

Question 15

What are the symptoms of Cholera?

Answer 15

Severe diarrhea (rice water stools), dehydration, vomiting, muscle cramps.

Question 16

What are the control measures for Cholera?

Answer 16

Access to clean water, proper sanitation, Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT), and vaccination.

Question 17

What virus causes COVID-19?

Answer 17

SARS-CoV-2.

Question 18

How is COVID-19 transmitted?

Answer 18

Through respiratory droplets from an infected person or by touching contaminated surfaces.

Question 19

What are the common symptoms of COVID-19?

Answer 19

Fever, cough, fatigue, difficulty breathing, loss of taste/smell.

Question 20

What are the preventive measures for COVID-19?

Answer 20

Vaccination, wearing masks, social distancing, hand hygiene, and isolation of infected individuals.

Question 21

What is the role of vaccines in controlling infectious diseases like COVID-19?

Answer 21

Vaccines stimulate the immune system to recognize and fight the virus, reducing the severity and spread of the disease.

Question 22

How can you treat severe dehydration caused by Cholera?

Answer 22

Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) to replace lost fluids and electrolytes.

Question 23

Why are lipids important for energy storage?

Answer 23

Lipids store more energy per gram than carbohydrates, making them an efficient long-term energy reserve.

Question 24

What is the main structural component of plant cell walls?

Answer 24

Cellulose, a polysaccharide that provides structural support.

Question 25

What role does potassium play in the body?

Answer 25

It helps in maintaining fluid balance and is essential for nerve impulse transmission and muscle function.

Question 26

What are antioxidants and which vitamins serve as antioxidants?

Answer 26

Antioxidants neutralize free radicals that can damage cells.
Vitamin C and Vitamin E act as antioxidants.

Question 27

Why is water important for metabolic processes in living organisms?

Answer 27

Water is essential for hydration, temperature regulation, and acting as a solvent for biochemical reactions.

Question 28

How does the body obtain the essential amino acids it needs?

Answer 28

Through the diet, as the body cannot synthesize essential amino acids on its own.

Question 29

What is the difference between water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins?

Answer 29

Water-soluble vitamins (e.g., Vitamin C, B-complex) dissolve in water and are not stored in the body.
Fat-soluble vitamins (e.g., Vitamin A, D, E, K) dissolve in fat and are stored in the liver and fatty tissues.

Question 30

What does vitamin A form

Answer 30

Retinol and Beta Carotene