Unit-2: Biology in everyday life Flashcards
What are the main types of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides: Simple sugars (e.g., glucose, fructose).
Disaccharides: Two monosaccharides linked together (e.g., sucrose, lactose).
Polysaccharides: Long chains of monosaccharides (e.g., starch, glycogen, cellulose).
What is the function of carbohydrates in the body?
Energy source: Glucose is broken down for ATP production.
Energy storage: Glycogen (in animals) and starch (in plants).
Structural support: Cellulose in plant cell walls.
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Amino acids: There are 20 different amino acids that form proteins.
How do proteins function in the body?
Catalysts: Enzymes speed up biochemical reactions.
Transport: Hemoglobin carries oxygen.
Structure: Collagen provides strength to connective tissues.
Defense: Antibodies fight pathogens.
What are the types of lipids and their functions?
Triglycerides: Energy storage.
Phospholipids: Form cell membranes.
Steroids: Include cholesterol and hormones like testosterone.
What are the building blocks of lipids?
Fatty acids and glycerol.
What are the fat-soluble vitamins?
Vitamins A, D, E, and K.
What are the functions of Vitamin A?
Supports vision, immune function, and skin health.
What is the primary function of Vitamin C?
Acts as an antioxidant and helps in collagen synthesis for wound healing.
What is the role of Vitamin D in the body?
Regulates calcium and phosphorus absorption, promoting bone health.
What mineral is essential for oxygen transport in the blood?
Iron: Found in hemoglobin, it carries oxygen from the lungs to tissues.
What is the function of calcium in the body?
Supports bone and tooth structure, and plays a role in muscle contraction and nerve signaling.
Why is zinc important for the body?
Supports immune function, protein synthesis, and wound healing.
What causes Cholera and how is it spread?
Cause: Vibrio cholerae bacteria.
Spread: Contaminated water and food.
What are the symptoms of Cholera?
Severe diarrhea (rice water stools), dehydration, vomiting, muscle cramps.
What are the control measures for Cholera?
Access to clean water, proper sanitation, Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT), and vaccination.
What virus causes COVID-19?
SARS-CoV-2.
How is COVID-19 transmitted?
Through respiratory droplets from an infected person or by touching contaminated surfaces.
What are the common symptoms of COVID-19?
Fever, cough, fatigue, difficulty breathing, loss of taste/smell.
What are the preventive measures for COVID-19?
Vaccination, wearing masks, social distancing, hand hygiene, and isolation of infected individuals.
What is the role of vaccines in controlling infectious diseases like COVID-19?
Vaccines stimulate the immune system to recognize and fight the virus, reducing the severity and spread of the disease.
How can you treat severe dehydration caused by Cholera?
Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) to replace lost fluids and electrolytes.
Why are lipids important for energy storage?
Lipids store more energy per gram than carbohydrates, making them an efficient long-term energy reserve.
What is the main structural component of plant cell walls?
Cellulose, a polysaccharide that provides structural support.
What role does potassium play in the body?
It helps in maintaining fluid balance and is essential for nerve impulse transmission and muscle function.
What are antioxidants and which vitamins serve as antioxidants?
Antioxidants neutralize free radicals that can damage cells.
Vitamin C and Vitamin E act as antioxidants.
Why is water important for metabolic processes in living organisms?
Water is essential for hydration, temperature regulation, and acting as a solvent for biochemical reactions.
How does the body obtain the essential amino acids it needs?
Through the diet, as the body cannot synthesize essential amino acids on its own.
What is the difference between water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins?
Water-soluble vitamins (e.g., Vitamin C, B-complex) dissolve in water and are not stored in the body.
Fat-soluble vitamins (e.g., Vitamin A, D, E, K) dissolve in fat and are stored in the liver and fatty tissues.
What does vitamin A form
Retinol and Beta Carotene
