Unit 4 Chapter 22 Flashcards
What were the motives for exploration?
- search of resources and land
- desire to est. new trade routes
- expand influence of christianity
What are some things that made transoceanic travel & trade possible?
European technological developments in cartography and navigation & production of new tools
What caused the Portuguese to want to create sugar plantations on the Atlantic islands?
The fact that European demand for sugar was strong & increasing
What are some innovations in the technology for exploration?
- ships & sails (development of triangular lateen sail & square sails)
- navigation instruments (compasses & astrolabes)
- knowledge of winds & currents (Volta de mar)
Name some examples of people who conducted voyages of exploration from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic.
- prince Henry of Portugal
- Vasco da Gama
- Christopher Columbus
Name some examples of people who conducted voyages of exploration from the Atlantic to the Pacific
- Ferdinand Magellan (circumnavigated the globe & Spain est’d trade routes between Mexico and the Philippines
- James Cook
Who built the earliest trading post empire? What was their goal?
The Portuguese & their goal was to control trade routes by forcing merchant ships to pay whenever they passed one of their trading posts.
Who else built trading posts? How did these people conduct trade?
The English & the Dutch; through joint stock companies
What were the two joint stock companies that the Dutch and English created?
The English East India Company, founded in 1600
The United East India Company (VOC), Dutch company founded in 1602
Both were private enterprises, enjoyed government support, little oversight
What did the Europeans do in South East Asia?
In the Philippines & Indonesia, euro. ppl conq’d existing authority & imposed their rule
Describe the foundations of the Russian empire in Asia.
- mid 1500s expansion begins
- took over several mongol khanates in Central Asia
- offered opportunities for trade w/ the Ottoman Empire, Iran & India
Why did merchants & explorers make their way into Siberia?
They did it bc they were searching for fur
Describe the Seven Years’ War.
(1756-1763) conflict fought in Europe and its overseas colonies; in N.America known as French and Indian war
What was the outcome of the seven years war?
Outcome: British hegemony
British gained control of India, Canada, Florida
What is the Colombian exchange?
It’s the global diffusion of food crops, animals, people, and diseases between the old world and the new world
