Unit 4 - Cellular Respiration (& Photosynthesis) Flashcards
1
Q
Activated Carrier Molecules
A
- contain one or more high energy content bonds
- provides energy for biosynthetic reactions
- ATP, NADPH, NADH, FADH2, Acetyl CoA
2
Q
Electron Carriers
A
- modified nulceotides
- coenzymes which carry electrons from one reaction to another
- key players in harvesting of energy during oxidation of glucose
3
Q
Catabolism
A
-breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones by enzymes
4
Q
Anabolism
A
-formation of complex molecules from simpler ones
5
Q
Substrate Level Phosphorylation
A
-generates few ATP
6
Q
Oxidative Phosphorylation
A
- aerobic respiration
- electrons harvested from organic fuel molecules in redox reactions are used to pump H+ across a membrane
- protons allowed to diffuse down gradient and run ATP synthase
7
Q
Photo-phosphorylation
A
- occurs in chloroplasts
- cyclic & non-cyclic
8
Q
Glycolysis
A
- occurs in cytosol
- 2ATPs spent to make glucose more reactive
- 6C sugar is split into 2 3C sugars (G3P)
- each 3C joins with free phosphate
- 2 phosphate groups are transferred to ATP
- 2 molecules pyruvate per glucose
- net 2 ATP, 2 NADH
9
Q
Pyruvate Oxidation
A
- mitochondrial matrix
- decarboxylation reaction –> carbon is removed
- NAD+ is reduced to NADH
- Coenzyme A is added
- produces: 2 NADH, 2 Acetyl CoA, 2 CO2
10
Q
Krebs Cycle/TCA
A
- mitochondrial matrix
- 2 acetyl CoAs oxidized to yield 4 CO2, 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2
- two turns of cycle for each molecule glucose
11
Q
ETC
A
- inner mitochondrial membrane
- series of molecules embedded in inner mitochondrial membrane
- NADH delivers electrons to top of chain, oxygen catches them at bottom
- oxygen is reduced with hydrogen to form water
- for every 2 electron carriers, one oxygen molecule is reduced to 2 molecules of water
- energy released by movement of electrons generates proton gradient
12
Q
Chemiosmotic Theory
A
- most ATP synthesis comes from electrochemical gradient across inner mitochondrial membranes
- generated using energy from NADH & FADH2, derived from breakdown of fuel molecules
13
Q
Lactic Acid Fermentation
A
glycolysis –> pyruvate –> lactic acid (NAD+ regenerated)
14
Q
Alcoholic Fermentation
A
glycolysis –> pyruvate –> ethanol (NAD+ regenerated)
15
Q
Fats as fuel molecules
A
- digested into fatty acids + glycerol
- fatty acids broken down into acetyl CoA
