Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOLOGY 130 > Unit 11 - Cells & Their Social Networks > Flashcards

Unit 11 - Cells & Their Social Networks Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Similarities of the ECM & Cell Wall

A
  • cross-linked network of filaments

- semi-solid gelatinous matrix of polysaccharides/proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Plant Cell Walls (in general)

A
  • sedentary
  • tissues fairly rigid
  • extracellular matrix secreted by plant cell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Protoplasts

A
  • name given to plant cells when separated from their walls

- weak & fragile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Primary Cell Wall

A
  • secreted as cells are growing
  • relatively thin
  • pectins made in the rough ER are processed in the Golgi and secreted
  • cellulose is made at the plasma membrane by proteins with cellulose synthase enzymes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Middle Lamella

A

-gelatinous pectins that ‘glue’ cells together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Secondary Cell Wall

A
  • in certain types of mature cells
  • much thicker than the primary cell wall, cells become rigid once they have the secondary wal
  • composition depends on whether they are structural, waterproofing, or protecting against pathogens & droughts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How are plant cells able to grow?

A
  • driving force of growth is turgor pressure

- orientation of cellulose microfibrils determines the direction of growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

This forms the template for cellulose synthesis

A

Microtubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Animal Tissue

A
  • cells held together by cell-cell junctions & ECM

- strong, capable of rapid movement, & quick changes in shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Connective Tissue

A
  • large amount of ECM which provides mechanical support
  • examples: tendons, bone, adipose
  • tensile strength is provided by a protein
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Collagen

A
  • fibrous component of animal ECM
  • cable-like protein
  • several different types in body
  • most abundant protein in mammals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Proteoglycans

A
  • gel ‘filler’ in animal ECM
  • proteins which are heavily glycoslyated
  • core proteins attached to chains of GAGs
  • very hydrophillic, attracts water
  • provides a porous, hydrated gel
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Functions of Proteoglycans

A
  1. resists compression
  2. forms pores of varying sizes for passage of molecules through ECM
  3. can block, encourage or guide cell migration through ECM
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ECM is connected to the cytoskeleton via…

A

integrins - humans have at least 24 types

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Types of Epithelial Cells

A
  1. Simple
  2. Stratified
  3. Columnar
  4. Cuboidal
  5. Squamous
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Adherens Junctions

A
  • via actin filaments
  • form ‘belts’ around epithelial cells
  • tightening of the ‘belt’ at certain sections of the epithelium causes the formation of an epithelial tube
17
Q

Gap Junctions

A
  • like a subway
  • allows passage of very small molecules (ions, secondary messengers)
  • connecting via gap junctions allows cells to coordinate activities and work as a team
18
Q

Tight Junctions

A
  • forms barrier forcing material to go through, rather than between cells
  • ‘fence’
  • helps to maintain polarity of cells
  • defines epithelium as tight
19
Q

Desmosomes

A

-joins intermediate filaments in one cell to those in a neighbour

20
Q

Hemidesmosomes

A

-anchors intermediate filaments in cell to basal lamina

21
Q

Plasmodesmata

A
  • channels between plant cells
  • proteins that expand/contract their cytoplasmic space to allow/restrict transport
  • lined with plasma membrane
22
Q

Stem Cells

A
  • undifferentiated cells found throughout body which divide to supply terminally differentiated cells
  • replenish dying cells and repair damaged tissues
  • properties:
    1. self-renewal
    2. multipotency
23
Q

Embryonic Stem Cells

A
  • original egg cell divides repeatedly, all contain same genome, specialized in different ways
  • properties:
    1. pluripotent
24
Q

Cancer Cells

A
  • usually somatic mutations - acquired in mature body
  • usually involve defects in DNA rep. and repair, cell cycle checkpoints, pathways that drive cell cycle, mitosis –> aneuploidy
  • not dependent on signals for growth/survival/division
  • less likely to kill themselves
  • ‘immortal’ - can divide indefinitely
  • invasive –> loss of cell adhesion molecules
25
Q

Carcinoma

A

cancer in epithelial

26
Q

Sarcoma

A

cancer in bone, cartilage, muscle, fat

27
Q

Hematopoietic

A

leukemia, lymphoma

BIOLOGY 130 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions