Unit 4: Cell Reproduction, Mitosis, DNA, and Protein Synthesis,

Question 1

Active Immunity

Answer 1

A form of acquired immunity in which the body produces its own antibodies against a pathogen; long-term protection

Question 2

Adult Stem Cells

Answer 2

stem cells that are found in adults that can differentiate to form a limited number of body cells

Question 3

AIDS

Answer 3

(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) a disease caused by HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) which attacks and kills T cells in the immune system

Question 4

Antibiotic

Answer 4

a drug used to fight and kill bacterial infections; Ex. penicillin

Question 5

Antibody

Answer 5

a Y-shaped protein that attaches to foreign molecules and signals their destruction by white blood cells

Question 6

Anticodon

Answer 6

three letters (nitrogen bases) on a tRNA molecule

Question 7

Asexual Reproduction

Answer 7

A reproductive process that involves only one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent.

Question 7

Antiviral

Answer 7

new class of drugs used to treat viral infections; Ex. tamiflu

Question 8

B-Cell

Answer 8

a type of white blood cell that makes antibodies

Question 9

Cancer

Answer 9

Uncontrolled cell division

Question 10

Cell Cycle

Answer 10

life cycle of a cell that consists of interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis

Question 11

Chromatin

Answer 11

tangled up spaghetti like DNA mixed with protein; only found during interphase

Question 12

Chromosomes

Answer 12

formed when DNA coils tightly around proteins

Question 13

Complementary Base Pairing

Answer 13

A always pairs with T and G with C in DNA; in RNA, A always pairs with U and G with C

Question 14

Cholera

Answer 14

A disease spread by bacteria in contaminated water that causes an infection in the intestine and results in severe vomiting and diarrhea; can be fatal

Question 15

Cytokinesis

Answer 15

last step of the cell cycle in which the cytoplasm divides into two cells

Question 16

Daughter Cells

Answer 16

the cells that result from the division of a single parent cell; produced in mitosis and meiosis

Question 17

Deoxyribose

Answer 17

Sugar found in DNA

Question 17

DNA Replication

Answer 17

process carried out in the nucleus in which DNA is copied so that the cell can divide giving each new cell a copy of the DNA

Question 18

Differentiation

Answer 18

process that occurs during embryonic development in which stem cells take on different structures and functions and become the many different types of cells in the human body; also called specialization

Question 19

Double Helix

Answer 19

term used to describe the structure of DNA

Question 20

Embryonic Stem Cells

Answer 20

cell of the early embryo which are undifferentiated and can develop into any type of body cell; highly valuable to researchers

Question 21

Dutch Elm Disease

Answer 21

a fungal disease of elm trees that is spread by beetles and has destroyed a large number of American elms in NC

Question 22

Influenza

Answer 22

the flu virus, which caused a deadly epidemic in 1918 and kills thousands of Americans each year

Question 23

Hydrogen Bond

Answer 23

weak chemical bond between the nitrogen bases of DNA that can be easily broken during unzipping

Question 24

Mitosis

Answer 24

a form of cell division that forms two identical diploid body cells

Question 25

Malaria

Answer 25

disease caused by the protist Plasmodium and spread by mosquitoes in tropical regions; kills over 1 million people every year

Question 25

Interphase

Answer 25

longest phase of the cell cycle consisting of G1, S, and G2 in which the cell is growing and copying its DNA

Question 26

mRNA

Answer 26

acts as a messenger by carrying the message of the DNA out into the cytoplasm for translation; made during transription; contains codons

Question 27

Passive Immunity

Answer 27

short-term protection that occurs when a person gets antibodies from another source; the person does not make them

Question 27

Nitrogenous base

Answer 27

A, T, G, and C in DNA; A, U, G, and C in RNA

Question 28

Mutation

Answer 28

a mistake or change in the normal sequence of DNA; can be random/spontaneous OR caused by radiation, tobacco smoke, and chemical exposure

Question 29

Pfiesteria

Answer 29

a group of protists that has caused large algal blooms and fish kills off the coast of NC

Question 30

Protein Synthesis

Answer 30

process of making proteins that includes transcription and translation

Question 31

Ribose

Answer 31

Sugar found in RNA

Question 32

T-Cell

Answer 32

cells that develop in the thymus and destroy infected cells; there are two types: T helper and T killer

Question 33

rRNA

Answer 33

Makes up the ribosomes

Question 34

Transcription

Answer 34

process that occurs in the nucleus in which DNA is changed into RNA

Question 35

tRNA

Answer 35

transfers amino acids to the ribosome during translation; contains the anticodons

Question 36

Translation

Answer 36

process that occurs in the cytoplasm in which a ribosome reads the mRNA and converts it into a sequence of amino acids

Question 37

Virus

Answer 37

a nonliving particle that causes disease; contains a nucleic acid surrounded by a protein

Question 38

Tuberculosis

Answer 38

a bacterial infection of the lungs

Question 39

Vaccine

Answer 39

a weakened preparation of a virus/bacteria that is injected into the body to protect a person against a disease

Question 40

Codon

Answer 40

three letters (nitrogen bases) in the mRNA