Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Unit 4: Cell Reproduction, Mitosis, DNA, and Protein Synthesis, > Flashcards

Unit 4: Cell Reproduction, Mitosis, DNA, and Protein Synthesis, Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Active Immunity

A

A form of acquired immunity in which the body produces its own antibodies against a pathogen; long-term protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Adult Stem Cells

A

stem cells that are found in adults that can differentiate to form a limited number of body cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

AIDS

A

(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) a disease caused by HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) which attacks and kills T cells in the immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Antibiotic

A

a drug used to fight and kill bacterial infections; Ex. penicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Antibody

A

a Y-shaped protein that attaches to foreign molecules and signals their destruction by white blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Anticodon

A

three letters (nitrogen bases) on a tRNA molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Asexual Reproduction

A

A reproductive process that involves only one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Antiviral

A

new class of drugs used to treat viral infections; Ex. tamiflu

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

B-Cell

A

a type of white blood cell that makes antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cancer

A

Uncontrolled cell division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cell Cycle

A

life cycle of a cell that consists of interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Chromatin

A

tangled up spaghetti like DNA mixed with protein; only found during interphase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Chromosomes

A

formed when DNA coils tightly around proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Complementary Base Pairing

A

A always pairs with T and G with C in DNA; in RNA, A always pairs with U and G with C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cholera

A

A disease spread by bacteria in contaminated water that causes an infection in the intestine and results in severe vomiting and diarrhea; can be fatal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cytokinesis

A

last step of the cell cycle in which the cytoplasm divides into two cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Daughter Cells

A

the cells that result from the division of a single parent cell; produced in mitosis and meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Deoxyribose

A

Sugar found in DNA

17
Q

DNA Replication

A

process carried out in the nucleus in which DNA is copied so that the cell can divide giving each new cell a copy of the DNA

18
Q

Differentiation

A

process that occurs during embryonic development in which stem cells take on different structures and functions and become the many different types of cells in the human body; also called specialization

19
Q

Double Helix

A

term used to describe the structure of DNA

20
Q

Embryonic Stem Cells

A

cell of the early embryo which are undifferentiated and can develop into any type of body cell; highly valuable to researchers

21
Q

Dutch Elm Disease

A

a fungal disease of elm trees that is spread by beetles and has destroyed a large number of American elms in NC

22
Q

Influenza

A

the flu virus, which caused a deadly epidemic in 1918 and kills thousands of Americans each year

23
Q

Hydrogen Bond

A

weak chemical bond between the nitrogen bases of DNA that can be easily broken during unzipping

24
Q

Mitosis

A

a form of cell division that forms two identical diploid body cells

25
Q

Malaria

A

disease caused by the protist Plasmodium and spread by mosquitoes in tropical regions; kills over 1 million people every year

25
Q

Interphase

A

longest phase of the cell cycle consisting of G1, S, and G2 in which the cell is growing and copying its DNA

26
Q

mRNA

A

acts as a messenger by carrying the message of the DNA out into the cytoplasm for translation; made during transription; contains codons

27
Q

Passive Immunity

A

short-term protection that occurs when a person gets antibodies from another source; the person does not make them

27
Q

Nitrogenous base

A

A, T, G, and C in DNA; A, U, G, and C in RNA

28
Q

Mutation

A

a mistake or change in the normal sequence of DNA; can be random/spontaneous OR caused by radiation, tobacco smoke, and chemical exposure

29
Q

Pfiesteria

A

a group of protists that has caused large algal blooms and fish kills off the coast of NC

30
Q

Protein Synthesis

A

process of making proteins that includes transcription and translation

31
Q

Ribose

A

Sugar found in RNA

32
Q

T-Cell

A

cells that develop in the thymus and destroy infected cells; there are two types: T helper and T killer

33
Q

rRNA

A

Makes up the ribosomes

34
Q

Transcription

A

process that occurs in the nucleus in which DNA is changed into RNA

35
Q

tRNA

A

transfers amino acids to the ribosome during translation; contains the anticodons

36
Q

Translation

A

process that occurs in the cytoplasm in which a ribosome reads the mRNA and converts it into a sequence of amino acids

37
Q

Virus

A

a nonliving particle that causes disease; contains a nucleic acid surrounded by a protein

38
Q

Tuberculosis

A

a bacterial infection of the lungs

39
Q

Vaccine

A

a weakened preparation of a virus/bacteria that is injected into the body to protect a person against a disease

40
Q

Codon

A

three letters (nitrogen bases) in the mRNA

Biology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions