Unit 4: Cell Communication & Cell Cycle

Question 1

How do cells talk to each other?

Answer 1

Chemicals and receptors

Question 2

Unicellular bacteria communicate using

Answer 2

Quorum sensing

Question 3

Chemicals produced in one part of an organism that affects other parts of the organism

Answer 3

Hormones

Question 4

Chemicals produced by one organism that affects another organism, usually of the same species

Answer 4

Pheromones

Question 5

Message chemical that binds to a receptor protein

Answer 5

Ligand

Question 6

Channels that open or close if there is a difference in voltage or electrical potential on opposite sides of a membrane

Answer 6

Voltage-gated channels

Question 7

Channels that open or close when a ligand binds

Answer 7

Ligand-gated channels

Question 8

Ligand gated channels that open or close when a ligand binds, allowing ions to diffuse in or out of the channel

Answer 8

Ion-channel receptors

Question 9

When a ligand binds to these receptors, they activate G proteins.

Answer 9

G protein-coupled receptors

Question 10

Cell communication step one

Answer 10

Reception

Question 11

Detection of a message molecule by a cell

Answer 11

Reception

Question 12

Cell communication step 2

Answer 12

Transaction

Question 13

When a ligand binds, they phosphorylate another chemical by transferring a phosphate from an ATP molecule to that chemical.

Answer 13

Protein kinase receptors

Question 14

Binding of the signal changes shape of the receptor

Answer 14

Transaction

Question 15

Cell communication step 3

Answer 15

Response

Question 16

A change in cellular activity

Answer 16

Response

Question 17

only cells with correct ____ proteins respond to message

Answer 17

Receptor

Question 18

Entire set of DNA and organism possesses

Answer 18

Genome

Question 19

Packaged DNA with associated proteins, visible in a microscope

Answer 19

Chromosomes

Question 20

Material chromosomes are made of, the complex of DNA and proteins

Answer 20

Chromatin

Question 21

Body cells, all cells except reproductive cells

Answer 21

Somatic cells

Question 22

Reproductive cells, eggs, and sperm

Answer 22

Germ cells

Question 23

Duplicated or replicated arms of a chromosome

Answer 23

Chromatid

Question 24

Area where sister chromatids are joined

Answer 24

Centromere

Question 25

Proteins that connect to specific DNA sequences at the centromere

Answer 25

Spindle fibers

Question 26

Prokaryote cells divide by

Answer 26

Binary fission

Question 27

Control point in the cycle when stop and go signals regulate the cycle

Answer 27

Checkpoints

Question 28

Protein released by cells that stimulates other cells to divide

Answer 28

Growth factor

Question 29

Protein with cyclically fluctuating concentration that regulate checkpoints of the cell cycle

Answer 29

Cyclins

Question 30

Molecules that regulate the cell cycle

Answer 30

Cyclin dependent kinase (CDK)

Question 31

Steps of cell cycle

Answer 31

Interphase: G1, S, G2
Miotic phase: Cytokinesis, mitosis

Question 32

Programmed cell death, prevents damaged cells from replicating

Answer 32

Apoptosis

Question 33

Abnormal growth of cell

Answer 33

Tumor

Question 34

Abnormal cell mass that does not spread or invade other tissues

Answer 34

Benign

Question 35

Abnormal cell mass that continues to divide and can spread to other tissue and make additional tumors

Answer 35

Malignant tumor (cancer)

Question 36

Spreading of abnormal cell mass

Answer 36

Metastasis