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Biology > Unit 2: Cell Structure & Function > Flashcards

Unit 2: Cell Structure & Function Flashcards

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1
Q

Simplest system that can be considered alive

A

Cell

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2
Q

2 categories of cells

A

Prokaryote and eukaryote

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3
Q

No nucleus or other membranous organelles

A

Prokaryote

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4
Q

Nucleus and other membranous organelles

A

Eukaryote

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5
Q

Which is smaller: prokaryote or eukaryote

A

Prokaryote

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6
Q

What advantage do smaller cells have?

A

Surface area/volume ratio

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7
Q

Why is surface area to volume important

A

Time it takes to permeate all the way through the cell

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8
Q

Interior of the cell

A

Cytoplasm

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9
Q

Jelly-like fluid within cell

A

Cytosol

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10
Q

Double membrane bound area enclosing chromosomes

A

Nucleus

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11
Q

Single DNA molecule with associated proteins

A

Chromosome

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12
Q

Complex of DNA and proteins in chromosomes

A

Chromatin

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13
Q

Pores that regulate what materials enter and leave nucleus

A

Nuclear pores

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14
Q

Assembles rRNA and ribosomes

A

Nucleolus

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15
Q

Make proteins

A

Ribosomes

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16
Q

Network of membranes for intracellular transport

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

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17
Q

Build lipids, metabolize carbohydrates, detoxify drugs, store Ca++

A

Smooth ER

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18
Q

Assemble glycoproteins for secretion, grows membranes

A

Rough ER

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19
Q

Receive, sort, modify, package and export chemicals

A

Golgi

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20
Q

Membranous sacks for storage and transport of chemicals

A

Vesicles

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21
Q

Membranous sacks containing digestive enzymes

A

Lysosomes

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22
Q

Large membranous sacks storing water, ions and nutrients

A

Vacuoles

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23
Q

Membranous sacks containing enzymes that produce hydrogen peroxide

A

Peroxisome

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24
Q

Release energy by metabolizing food molecules

A

Mitochondria

25
Q

Network of fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm

A

Cytoskeleton

26
Q

Produce sugars by photosynthesis

A

Chloroplast

27
Q

Bacteria cell walls are made out of

A

Peptidoglycan

28
Q

Bacteria cell walls are made out of

A

Peptidoglycan

29
Q

Plant cell walls made of

A

Cellulose

30
Q

Fungi cell walls made of

A

Chitin

31
Q

Provide barrier to hydrophilic molecules passing

A

Phospholipid bilayer

32
Q

Resists changes in membrane fluidity resulting from temperature changes

A

Cholesterol

33
Q

Requires no energy from the cell

A

Passive transport

34
Q

Movement of molecule from high to low concentration

A

Diffusion

35
Q

Diffusion of water from high to low solute concentration

A

Osmosis

36
Q

Diffusion through a transmembrane protein

A

Recilitative

37
Q

Channel proteins that transport ions

A

Ion transport proteins

38
Q

Channel proteins that open or close in response to stimulus

A

Active transport or pump

39
Q

Requires energy from the cell

A

Active transport

40
Q

Matrix or mesh of fibers built by the cell and exported outside

A

Cell wall

41
Q

Loose mesh of fibers including collagen, polysaccharides, proteoglycans, and fibronectin

A

Extracellular matrix

42
Q

Fibronectin protein in the ECM attach to ________ proteins that span the plasma membrane and then attach to cytoskeleton microfilaments

A

Transmembrane

43
Q

Provide channels through which chemicals can pass

A

Transmembrane channels

44
Q

Carry out enzymatic reactions, often in assembly lines

A

Membrane-bound enzymes

45
Q

Membranes need to ____ the cell from its surroundings

A

Separate

46
Q

Membranes need to _____ with surroundings

A

Communicate

47
Q

Membranes need to allow some chemicals to pass while preventing others from passing, aka

A

Semi (selectively) permeable

48
Q

Main molecule of membranes that separates the cell from its surroundings

A

Phospholipids

49
Q

Hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions in the same molecule

A

Amphipathic

50
Q

Receive and respond to signal molecules sending messages

A

Receptors

51
Q

Allows cells to recognize the type of cell

A

Marker

52
Q

Connect or bind cells to each other or to the extracellular matrix

A

Binding proteins or anchors

53
Q

Often marker proteins are covalently bonded to carbohydrates

A

Glycoproteins

54
Q

Some markers are not proteins, but lipids bonded to carbohydrates

A

Glycolipids

55
Q

Fewer solids outside

A

Hypotonic

56
Q

Fewer solids inside

A

Hypertonic

57
Q

Same amount of solids inside and outside

A

Isotonic

58
Q

Bulk transport of molecules out of the cell

A

Exocytosis

59
Q

Bulk transport of molecules into the cell

A

Endocytosis

Biology (6 decks)

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