UNIT 4 Care of the Preschooler Flashcards
It is the stage where the child is 3 to 6 years of age.
Preschooler
The physical growth
during this period is relatively slow and psychosocial, and cognitive
development is accelerated.
Preschooler
In this stage, curiosity becomes pronounced, and
the child is better able to communicate. I
Preschooler
Here the guidelines in the assessment
- Use the head to toe assessment if the child is cooperative if
uncooperative proceed as with the toddler. - Ask the child to self-undress and wear underpants to assess motor
activity. - Allow the child to handle the equipment used in the assessment.
- Don’t forget “magical thinking.”
- Makeup “story” about the steps of the procedure.
- If you proceed like a game, you will gain cooperation.
The
wide-legged gait, prominent lordosis, and protuberant abdomen of the toddler
change to slimmer, taller, and much
more childlike proportions.
Preschooler
Contour
changes so definitely the future body
type—ectomorphic (thin) or
endomorphic (large)—becomes
apparent.
Preschooler
Lymphatic tissue begins to increase in
size, particularly the tonsils, and
levels of IgG and IgA antibodies
increase.
Preschooler
The average growth of a child is _____, and the average 4-year-old child is ____
The average growth of a child is 1.5-3 in/year, and the average 4-year-old child is 40.5.
The average wt. gain is ____, the preschooler gains approximately___. (Pillitteri, 2010)
The average wt. gain is 5 lbs. /year, the preschooler gains approximately 2
kg/year. (Pillitteri, 2010)
Children generally have all ___ of their deciduous teeth by three years of age.
20
is essential for
survival, physical growth, mental development, performance, productivity,
health, and well-being across the entire lifespan
Good nutrition
An average preschooler sleeps
11-13H/day,
most preschoolers need an
afternoon nap until
age 5.
Gross Motor
The preschooler can
hop, skip & run more smoothly Athletic abilities
Fine motor skills are
fingers and hand skills such as the ability to draw,
copy a circle and a cross-build using small blocks, color within the
border, write some letters and draw a person with body parts, Buttoning
clothing, Holding a pencil, Building with small blocks, Using scissors,
Playing a board game and Have a child draw a picture of himself
Emotional Development PRESCHOOLER
Examples of these are fears the dark tends to be impatient and selfish,
expressed aggression through physical and verbal behaviors, and shows signs
of jealousy among siblings.
egocentric, less dependent on parents, have dreams and
nightmares, more cooperative in play, can tolerate short separation, and
beginning to get attached to the opposite-sex parent
PRESCHOOLER Social Development
how people develop social and emotional skills
across the lifespan, with particular attention to childhood and adolescence.
Social Development
is a distressing emotion caused by impending danger or pain, whether
the threat is real or imagined. T
Fear
The preschooler experiences more fears and their common fears are
dark,
being left alone, animals, ghosts, body mutilation, castration
“The process whereby an individual learns to adjust to a group (or society)
and behave in a manner approved by the group (or society)
Socialization
essentially represents the whole process
of learning throughout the life course and is a central influence on the
behavior, beliefs, and actions of adults as well as of children.
socialization
primary purpose is to foster the child’s social skills, three years old is capable
of sharing, four years old enjoys playgroup, and five years old develop “best”
friendships
preschool program
Maladjustment in the expression of emotion can be considered as behavior
problems. Examples of there are Telling tall tales, Imaginary friend – help
release anxiety, Sibling rivalry and also Masturbation during boredom
Behavior Problems
is a form of a defense mechanism used to deal with the stressor
manifested by unconsciously going back to the early stage of development.
Regression
Example of Regression
Bedwetting, Babytalk, Thumb sucking, Fetal position
Authority figures must apply discipline fairly, firmly &
consistently. A simple explanation of why specific actions are inappropriate. A
situation involving conflict, a short timeout can help the child relieve intense
feelings, regain control, & think about his behavior. (
Discipline - preschool
is an integral part of child development because it allows the child to
become creative, independent, and aware of the surroundings.
Play
FINE MOTOR PLAY PRESCHOOL
- Puzzles
- Large blocks
- crayons
- paint simple crafts
GROSS MOTOR PLAY PRESCHOOL
- Big wheels
- Gym sets
- Sandboxes
IMITATIVE PLAY PRESCHOOL
. Dess up clothes
2. Dolls
3. Housekeeping toys
is common among preschoolers when hospitalized; the
first task as a health provider is to establish trust
Separation anxiety
can be beneficial when demonstrating procedures
The use of toys, such as
puppets and dolls
Parents reinforce via giving
children freedom to play, use imagination,
and ask questions- Creative, Constructive.
Initiative
May occur if parents criticize, prevent play, or discourage a child’s
questions- Always being wrong, Failed to explore world
Guilt
Psychosocial Developmental Theory (Erik Erikson) PsychosocialCrisis
Initiative vs. Guilt
Psychosocial Developmental Theory (Erik Erikson) Relationships
family
Psychosocial Developmental Theory (Erik Erikson) Issues:
exploration and discovery,
adventure and play
Psychosocial Developmental Theory (Erik Erikson) Basic Virtue:
Purpose and Direction
Psychosocial Developmental Theory (Erik Erikson) Maladaptation
Ruthlessness
Psychosocial Developmental Theory (Erik Erikson) Malignancy
Inhibition
Red flags: preschool
Inability to perform self-care tasks, hand washing simple dressing, daytime
toileting
Lack of socialization
Unable to play with other children
Unable to follow directions during exam
Psychosexual Developmental Theory (Sigmund Freud)
Erogenous Zone:
Genitals
In this stage, the primary focus of the
libido is on the genitals. Children begin to
discover the differences between males
and females.
Psychosexual Developmental Theory (Sigmund Freud)
Forms concepts that are less complete & logical than adult makes simple
classifications, associates one event with a simultaneous one, and exhibits
egocentric thinking.
Pre conceptual (2-4 years old)
During this phase, a child can classify, quantify & relating objects but remains
unaware of the principles behind these operations. (
Intuitive Phase
unavailable to view another’s viewpoint
Egocentric
– in every action there is opposite reaction cause and
effect
REVERSIBILITY
consider inanimate object is alive
ANIMISM
