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Biology A&P 1 > Unit 4: Bones > Flashcards

Unit 4: Bones Flashcards

1
Q

Axial skeleton

A

Contains skull, vertebral, column, sternum, and ribcage

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2
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Bones within upper & lower limbs including pectoral and pelvic girdles

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3
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft of bone

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4
Q

Epiphysis

A

Where bone grows

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5
Q

Epiphyseal line

A

When growth stops and epiphyseal plate turns into line

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6
Q

Medullary cavity

A

Hallow part of bone containing bone marrow

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7
Q

Endosteum

A

Membrane on the inner surface, connecting tubules, and coating trabeculae

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8
Q

Periosteum

A

Membrane that surrounds its outside surface

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9
Q

Yellow bone marrow

A

Calcium, phosphates, and triglycerides

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10
Q

Red bone marrow

A

Makes all types of blood cells

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11
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Weeps lubricant between bones preventing friction and moveable joints

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12
Q

Long bones

A

Long central shaft

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13
Q

Short bones

A

Cube shaped

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14
Q

Flat bones

A

Flattened and usually curved

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15
Q

Irregular bones

A

All other types of bones

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16
Q

Spongy bone

A

Lines the medullary cavity along the diaphysis. Provide support and resist forces

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17
Q

Compact bone

A

Forms thick outer cortex of bone encased by periosteum

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18
Q

Osteon

A

Column like pillars that make up the outside cortex of diaphysis and epiphyses

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19
Q

Central canal

A

Contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves

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20
Q

Perforating canals

A

Punch into (perforate) compact bone of diaphysis

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21
Q

Lamellae

A

Extracellular matrix of bone

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22
Q

Canaliculi

A

Tiny canals connecting osteocytes

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23
Q

Osteocytes

A

Mature bone cells contained in lacunae

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24
Q

Lacuna

A

Space osteocytes sit in

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25
Q

Frontal bone

A

Anterior forehead cranial bone

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26
Q

Parietal bones

A

Cranial bones that make up most of bony wall

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27
Q

Sagittal suture

A

Articulates two parietal bones within sagittal plane

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28
Q

Coronal suture

A

Suture connecting frontal bone with parietal bones

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29
Q

Temporal bones

A

Two lateral cranial bones

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30
Q

Squamous suture

A

Parietal bone articulates with corresponding temporal bone

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31
Q

External auditory meatus

A

Passageway leads from outside of head to tympanic membrane (eardrum membrane)

32
Q

Internal auditory meatus

A

Canal in temporal bone that extends to cochlea

33
Q

Styloid process

A

Long slender projection of temporal bone

34
Q

Zygomatic process

A

Process of temporal bone that articulates with zygomatic bone

35
Q

Mastoid process

A

Smooth conical projection of bone at the base of mastoid area of temporal bone

36
Q

Mandibular fossa

A

Oval depression behind the anterior root of zygomatic process of temporal bone

37
Q

Jugular foramen

A

Opening that allows internal jugular vein to travel through it

38
Q

Carotid canal

A

Passageway of carotid artery

39
Q

Foramen lacerum

A

Irregular opening in the middle of cranial fossa at base of skull

40
Q

Occipital bone

A

Posterior cranial bone

41
Q

Lambdoid suture

A

Connects occipital bone with two parietal bones

42
Q

Foramen magnum

A

Passage of central nervous system from skull connecting brain with spinal cord

43
Q

Hypoglossal canal

A

Allows hypoglossal nerve to make way to bottom of tongue

44
Q

Occipital condyles

A

Smooth rounded surface of occipital bone that free moving joint with first vertebra

45
Q

Nuchal lines

A

Where muscles and ligaments of neck/back attach to occipital bone

46
Q

External occipital protuberance

A

Raised area on midline of occipital bone where posterior wall meets the base of skull

47
Q

Sphenoid bone

A

Cranial bony floor wall (bat)

48
Q

Sella turcica

A

Depression of sphenoid bone

49
Q

Superior orbital fissures

A

Slit-like openings that allow nerves to travel to eye for movement

50
Q

Optic canals

A

Canal that is part of sphenoid bone extending from optic foramen to orbital apex

51
Q

Foramen rotundum

A

Round shape opening that allows passage of nerve branches that contain motor and sensory fibers

52
Q

Foramen spinosum

A

Hole located in the greater wing of sphenoid

53
Q

Foramen ovale

A

Oval shape opening that allows passage of nerve branches that contain motor and sensory fibers

54
Q

Ethmoid bone

A

Small portion of wall of skull (chicken comb)

55
Q

Crista galli

A

Helps anchor brain meninges within cranial body cavity

56
Q

Cribriform plate

A

Where smelling nerve structures pass through from brain to nasal cavity

57
Q

Superior nasal conchae

A

Small/cured plate of bone representing medial/bony process of the labyrinth of ethmoid bone

58
Q

Middle nasal conchae

A

Medial bony projections of ethmoid bone

59
Q

Mandible

60
Q

Mandibular condyle

A

Free moving joint of mandible with temporal bone and its condyle

61
Q

Coronoid process

A

Serves as attachment for muscles that move jaw during chewing/talking

62
Q

Maxillae

A

Form upper jaws of face

63
Q

Palatine process

A

Maxilla bone that articulates with palatine bone

64
Q

Palatine bones

A

Form part of the hard palate (roof of oral cavity)

65
Q

Zygomatic bones

A

Cheekbones

66
Q

Temporal process

A

When temporal bone, zygomatic bone, and zygomatic process form part of zygomatic arch

67
Q

Lacrimal bones

A

Adjacent to lacrimal sac that catches tears at medial corner of eyes

68
Q

Nasal bones

A

At bridge of nose

69
Q

Inferior nasal conchae

A

Form the lateral-inferior walls of nasal cavity

70
Q

Vomer

A

Single blade-shaped bone forms the posteroinferior portion of nasal septum

71
Q

Hyoid

A

U-shaped solitary bone in the midline of neck anteriorly at base of mandible

72
Q

Anterior fontanelle

A

Junction of 2 frontal & 2 parietal bones meet

73
Q

Posterior fontanelle

A

Triangular and lies at apex of occipital bone

74
Q

Zygomatic arch

A

Bridge of bone extending from temporal bone to maxilla

75
Q

Zygomatic process

A

Temporal bone that articulates with zygomatic bone

76
Q

Temporal process

A

When temporal bone, zygomatic bone, and zygomatic process form part of zygomatic arch

Biology A&P 1 (5 decks)

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