Unit 4-Bonding Flashcards
Atoms ________ their potential energy by bonding.
decrease
forming bonds fills their outer shell, making them more stable.
Types of intramolecular bonding
Ionic: electrons are transferred between atoms
Covalent: electrons are shared between atoms
Metallic: “sea” of electrons around atoms
bond between metal+metal
metallic
bond between nonmetal+nonmetal
covalent
bond between metal+non metal
ionic
Rank types of bonds strongest to weakest
covalent
ionic
metallic
intermolecular
metallic bonding
the attraction between free floating electrons and positivly charged nuclei of metal atoms
Ionic bonding
chemical bonding that results from electrical attraction between large numbers of cations and anions
Ionic bonding occurs when the difference in electronegativity between two elements is
greater than 1.7
Ionic compounds
composed of positive and negative ions that are combined so that the number of positive and negative charges are equal (overall neutral).
binary compound
composed of 2 different elements
molecule
neutral group of atoms held together by covalent bonds.
Polar
unequal distribution of charge in a covalently bonded molecule
to be polar the difference in electronegativity between the two atoms need to be
between >.5 and <1.7
Bond length
the distance between two bonded atoms at their minimum potential energy
Bond energy
the energy required to break a chemical cond
which are stronger, intermolecular or intramolecular bonds?
Intramolecular
types of intermolecular bonds
Dipole-Dipole, hydrogen, and London Dispersion
do intermolecular forces include sharing of electrons?
No
a molecules polarity depends on what 2 factors
The electronegativity of the atoms, and the molecular geometry
Diploe-Dipole bonding
short range attractions between polar molecules
How dose dipole-dipole bonding effect boiling point
it increases the boiling point of a substance
Hydrogen bonds
when a hydrogen atom that is covalently bonded to a highly electronegative atom is attracted to an electronegative atom on a nearby molecule
Dipole-induced Dipole
electrons in a nonpolar molecule respond to a nearby partial charge on a polar molecule
London Dispersion Forces
attraction resulting from the constant motion of electrons and the creation of instantaneous dipoles
-the only molecular force that exists in nonpolar molecules and Nobel gases
Rank the intermolecular forces from strongest to weakest
hydrogen bond
dipole-dipole
dipole-induced dipole
London dispersion
