Final Test

Question 1

Solvent

Answer 1

dissolving medium (ex. water)

Question 2

Solute

Answer 2

substance dissolved (ex. sugar)

Question 3

If the solvent is water the solution is ________

Answer 3

aqueous

Question 4

Electrolyte

Answer 4

a substance that dissolves in water that allows the solution to conduct electricity
-ionic compounds

Question 5

Nonelectrolyte

Answer 5

a substance that does not dissociate, it dissolved in water to create a solution that does not conduct electricity.
-covalent compounds

Question 6

Colligative properties

Answer 6

properties that depend on the concentration of solute, but not their identity

Question 7

vapor pressure

Answer 7

pressure caused by molecules that have escaped form the liquid phase to the gas phase

Question 8

Addition of nonvolatile solutes ________ vapor pressure

Answer 8

lowers

Question 9

Addition of solutes _______ freezing point

Answer 9

lowers

Question 10

Addition of solutes __________ boiling point

Answer 10

raises

Question 11

Addition of solutes _______ osmotic pressure

Answer 11

raises (it takes more external pressure to stop osmosis from happening)

Question 12

Dissolution

Answer 12

the process in which solutes form a solution in a solvent.

Question 13

How dose dissolution occur in polar covalent compounds in water?

Answer 13

-water surrounds molecules die to partial charge attraction
-molecules separate from other molecules

Question 14

How dose dissolution occur for ionic compounds in water?

Answer 14

-Partial positive charge of H pulls on the anion
-partial negative charge from O pull on the cation
This process is called Dissociation

Question 15

Dissociation

Answer 15

separation of ions that occurs when an ionic compound dissolves

Question 16

Solubility

Answer 16

the ammount of a substance required to form a saturated solution whith a specific amount of solvent at a specific temperature

Question 17

Solution Equilibrium

Answer 17

dissolution and recrystallization happening at the same rate.

Question 18

Unsaturated solution

Answer 18

a solution that contains less solute than a saturated solution

Question 19

Saturated solution

Answer 19

a solution that contains the max amount of dissolved solute

Question 20

Supersaturated solution

Answer 20

a solution that contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution under the same conditions
-made by cooling a saturated solution

Question 21

Polar solutes dissolve _______ solvents

Answer 21

polar (“like dissolve like”)

Question 22

How dose increased temperature effect solubility?

Answer 22

increased temperature increases solid solubility.
increased temperature decreases gas solubility.

Question 23

how dose pressure effect solubility

Answer 23

Pressure ONLY effects gas solubility
-increased pressure increases gas solubility.

Question 24

What factors increase the rate of dissolution?

Answer 24

-Increased surface area of solute
-Agitating the solution
-Heating the solvent

Question 25

Exothermic reaction

Answer 25

when the energy required to break bonds is less than the energy released

Question 26

Endothermic reaction

Answer 26

when the energy required to break bonds is greater than the energy released.

Question 27

Concentration

Answer 27

the amount of solute in a given amount of solvent

Question 28

Molarity

Answer 28

number of moles of a solute in one liter of solution