Final Test Flashcards
Solvent
dissolving medium (ex. water)
Solute
substance dissolved (ex. sugar)
If the solvent is water the solution is ________
aqueous
Electrolyte
a substance that dissolves in water that allows the solution to conduct electricity
-ionic compounds
Nonelectrolyte
a substance that does not dissociate, it dissolved in water to create a solution that does not conduct electricity.
-covalent compounds
Colligative properties
properties that depend on the concentration of solute, but not their identity
vapor pressure
pressure caused by molecules that have escaped form the liquid phase to the gas phase
Addition of nonvolatile solutes ________ vapor pressure
lowers
Addition of solutes _______ freezing point
lowers
Addition of solutes __________ boiling point
raises
Addition of solutes _______ osmotic pressure
raises (it takes more external pressure to stop osmosis from happening)
Dissolution
the process in which solutes form a solution in a solvent.
How dose dissolution occur in polar covalent compounds in water?
-water surrounds molecules die to partial charge attraction
-molecules separate from other molecules
How dose dissolution occur for ionic compounds in water?
-Partial positive charge of H pulls on the anion
-partial negative charge from O pull on the cation
This process is called Dissociation
Dissociation
separation of ions that occurs when an ionic compound dissolves
Solubility
the ammount of a substance required to form a saturated solution whith a specific amount of solvent at a specific temperature
Solution Equilibrium
dissolution and recrystallization happening at the same rate.
Unsaturated solution
a solution that contains less solute than a saturated solution
Saturated solution
a solution that contains the max amount of dissolved solute
Supersaturated solution
a solution that contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution under the same conditions
-made by cooling a saturated solution
Polar solutes dissolve _______ solvents
polar (“like dissolve like”)
How dose increased temperature effect solubility?
increased temperature increases solid solubility.
increased temperature decreases gas solubility.
how dose pressure effect solubility
Pressure ONLY effects gas solubility
-increased pressure increases gas solubility.
What factors increase the rate of dissolution?
-Increased surface area of solute
-Agitating the solution
-Heating the solvent
Exothermic reaction
when the energy required to break bonds is less than the energy released
Endothermic reaction
when the energy required to break bonds is greater than the energy released.
Concentration
the amount of solute in a given amount of solvent
Molarity
number of moles of a solute in one liter of solution
