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Forensics 101 > unit 4: blood > Flashcards

unit 4: blood Flashcards

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1
Q

Agglutination

A

clumping of cells caused by an antigen-antibody response

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2
Q

Angle of impact

A

Angle at which blood strikes a target surface relative to the horizontal plane of the target

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3
Q

Antibodies

A

Y-shaped proteins secreted by white blood cells that attach to specific antigens to destroy them

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4
Q

antigen

A

Substance that provokes an immune response in the body

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5
Q

Antigen – antibody response

A

reaction in which antibodies attached a specific antigens; causes agglutination, in cross body-type transfusion

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6
Q

Area origin

A

The location of a blood source viewed in three dimensions as determined by projecting angles of impact of individual blood stains

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7
Q

cast-off pattern

A

Blood projected onto a surface as a result of being flung from an object in motion

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8
Q

Passive drop

A

Blood drop created solely as a result of gravity

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9
Q

Satellite

A

Smaller droplets of blood projected from larger drops of blood upon impact with a surface

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10
Q

Spine

A

Elongated blood streaks radiating away from the center of a blood stain

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11
Q

swipe

A

blood pattern resulting from a lateral transfer from a moving source onto another surface

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12
Q

Wipe

A

smeared blood pattern created when an object moves through blood that is not completely dried

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13
Q

who discovered proteins? when were they discovered?

A

discovered in 1900 by Karl Landsteiner

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14
Q

studying blood can identify….?

A

the presence or absence of particular proteins in the blood

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15
Q

true or false: identifying blood type is slower and more expensive than DNA profiling

A

false

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16
Q

What percentage of the the population has type A blood

A

42%

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17
Q

What percentage of the population has type B blood?

A

12%

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18
Q

What percentage of the population has type AB blood?

A

3%

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19
Q

What percentage of the population has type O blood?

A

43%

20
Q

__% of the population has a ____factor on their blood cells

A

85; RH

21
Q

Type A blood with RH factor is called __ while type A blood without RH factor is called __

A

Type A+; Type A-

22
Q

Enzymes

A

complex proteins that catalyze different biochemical reactions

23
Q

true or false: enzymes and proteins are important for elimination purposes

A

false; for identification purposes

24
Q

knowing additional proteins and enzymes in the blood sample can….?

A

narrow the population group and increase the probability of identifying a suspect

25
Q

red blood cells

A

help in oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange

26
Q

platelets

A

help in blood clotting

27
Q

white blood cells

A

fights against infections

28
Q

1939

A

spatter patterns first analyzed

29
Q

why does blood spatter?

A

a wound/injury is inflicted

30
Q

patterns can help reconstruct the events surrounding a __, __, or __

A

shooting; stabbing; beating

31
Q

analysis of spatter pattern can aid in determining the:

A
  1. direction blood traveled
  2. angle of impact
  3. point of origin of the blood
  4. velocity of the blood
  5. manner of death
32
Q

Blood __ together

A

sticks

33
Q

these droplets separate from the naim droplet

A

satellite pattern

34
Q

these droplets form around the droplet

A

spike pattern

35
Q

lines of convergence

A

two or more blood spatters can pinpoint the location of the blood source use trig

36
Q

trail of circular drops of blood

A

person walking while bleeding

37
Q

cast-off pattern

A

person repeatedly striking someone with a weapon while raising their arm

38
Q

transfer pattern

A

person steps in blood or presses hand on a bloody surface and transfers the blood

39
Q

wipe

A

trying to remove blood with a cloth or a finger

40
Q

swipe

A

bloody hair or hand dragged across the floor

41
Q

arterial gush

A

severed artery due to injury or attack

42
Q

expired blood

A

injury causing internal bleeding; body trying to expel the blood

43
Q

shadowing or void

A

object was in front of a surface but object was later removed

44
Q

high velocity

A
  • size is less than 1 mm
  • lots of small blood drops in a cluster
  • velocity is 100 ft/sec
  • gunshots
45
Q

medium velocity

A
  • size of drops are 1-4 mm
  • velocity of the blood is 25 ft/sec
  • beating, stabbing
46
Q

low velocity

A
  • size of drops are more than 4 mm
  • velocity is 5 ft/sec
  • hammer or a blunt object

Forensics 101 (7 decks)

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