unit 4: blood

Question 1

Agglutination

Answer 1

clumping of cells caused by an antigen-antibody response

Question 2

Angle of impact

Answer 2

Angle at which blood strikes a target surface relative to the horizontal plane of the target

Question 3

Antibodies

Answer 3

Y-shaped proteins secreted by white blood cells that attach to specific antigens to destroy them

Question 4

antigen

Answer 4

Substance that provokes an immune response in the body

Question 5

Antigen – antibody response

Answer 5

reaction in which antibodies attached a specific antigens; causes agglutination, in cross body-type transfusion

Question 6

Area origin

Answer 6

The location of a blood source viewed in three dimensions as determined by projecting angles of impact of individual blood stains

Question 7

cast-off pattern

Answer 7

Blood projected onto a surface as a result of being flung from an object in motion

Question 8

Passive drop

Answer 8

Blood drop created solely as a result of gravity

Question 9

Satellite

Answer 9

Smaller droplets of blood projected from larger drops of blood upon impact with a surface

Question 10

Spine

Answer 10

Elongated blood streaks radiating away from the center of a blood stain

Question 11

swipe

Answer 11

blood pattern resulting from a lateral transfer from a moving source onto another surface

Question 12

Wipe

Answer 12

smeared blood pattern created when an object moves through blood that is not completely dried

Question 13

who discovered proteins? when were they discovered?

Answer 13

discovered in 1900 by Karl Landsteiner

Question 14

studying blood can identify….?

Answer 14

the presence or absence of particular proteins in the blood

Question 15

true or false: identifying blood type is slower and more expensive than DNA profiling

Answer 15

false

Question 16

What percentage of the the population has type A blood

Answer 16

42%

Question 17

What percentage of the population has type B blood?

Answer 17

12%

Question 18

What percentage of the population has type AB blood?

Answer 18

3%

Question 19

What percentage of the population has type O blood?

Answer 19

43%

Question 20

__% of the population has a ____factor on their blood cells

Answer 20

85; RH

Question 21

Type A blood with RH factor is called __ while type A blood without RH factor is called __

Answer 21

Type A+; Type A-

Question 22

Enzymes

Answer 22

complex proteins that catalyze different biochemical reactions

Question 23

true or false: enzymes and proteins are important for elimination purposes

Answer 23

false; for identification purposes

Question 24

knowing additional proteins and enzymes in the blood sample can….?

Answer 24

narrow the population group and increase the probability of identifying a suspect

Question 25

red blood cells

Answer 25

help in oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange

Question 26

platelets

Answer 26

help in blood clotting

Question 27

white blood cells

Answer 27

fights against infections

Question 28

1939

Answer 28

spatter patterns first analyzed

Question 29

why does blood spatter?

Answer 29

a wound/injury is inflicted

Question 30

patterns can help reconstruct the events surrounding a __, __, or __

Answer 30

shooting; stabbing; beating

Question 31

analysis of spatter pattern can aid in determining the:

Answer 31

1. direction blood traveled 2. angle of impact 3. point of origin of the blood 4. velocity of the blood 5. manner of death

Question 32

Blood __ together

Answer 32

sticks

Question 33

these droplets separate from the naim droplet

Answer 33

satellite pattern

Question 34

these droplets form around the droplet

Answer 34

spike pattern

Question 35

lines of convergence

Answer 35

two or more blood spatters can pinpoint the location of the blood source use trig

Question 36

trail of circular drops of blood

Answer 36

person walking while bleeding

Question 37

cast-off pattern

Answer 37

person repeatedly striking someone with a weapon while raising their arm

Question 38

transfer pattern

Answer 38

person steps in blood or presses hand on a bloody surface and transfers the blood

Question 39

wipe

Answer 39

trying to remove blood with a cloth or a finger

Question 40

swipe

Answer 40

bloody hair or hand dragged across the floor

Question 41

arterial gush

Answer 41

severed artery due to injury or attack

Question 42

expired blood

Answer 42

injury causing internal bleeding; body trying to expel the blood

Question 43

shadowing or void

Answer 43

object was in front of a surface but object was later removed

Question 44

high velocity

Answer 44

- size is less than 1 mm - lots of small blood drops in a cluster - velocity is 100 ft/sec - gunshots

Question 45

medium velocity

Answer 45

- size of drops are 1-4 mm - velocity of the blood is 25 ft/sec - beating, stabbing

Question 46

low velocity

Answer 46

- size of drops are more than 4 mm - velocity is 5 ft/sec - hammer or a blunt object