unit 3: types of prints (impressions as evidence)

Question 1

When do fingerprints form?

Answer 1

During the 10th week of gestation

Question 2

Where does development of the prints happened?

Answer 2

In the basal layer of the skin where the new skin cells are produced

Question 3

True or false is the fingerprint pattern permanent?

Answer 3

Yes the outer layer of the epidermis protects it

Question 4

What are the three major ridge patterns?

Answer 4

Loops, arches, whorls

Question 5

what percentage of the populations have loops arches and whorls?

Answer 5

65 of the population has loops, 30% has whorls, 5% have arches

Question 6

What is a delta?

Answer 6

Ridges that run in different directions up and below it

Question 7

What are the two types of arches?

Answer 7

plain arches and tented arches

Question 8

What is the difference between a plain arch and a tented arch?

Answer 8

tented arches have a delta

Question 9

What are the four different types of whorls?

Answer 9

plain whorl, Central pocket loop whorl, double loop whorl, accidental whorl

Question 10

What’s the difference between a plain whorl and a central pocket loop whorl?

Answer 10

plain whorls look more circular a while central pocket loop whorls look more oval

Question 11

What are the two loops?

Answer 11

Ulnar loop and radial loop

Question 12

What is the difference between a radial loop an ulnar loop?

Answer 12

radial loop opens towards the thumb and ulnar loop opens towards the pinky

Question 13

What is a minutiae?

Answer 13

Combination of small details in the shapes and positions of the ridges

Question 14

Name the different types of minutiae:

Answer 14

Ridge ending, fork or bifurcation, island Ridge, dot, bridge, spur, eye, double bifurcation, Delta, trifurcation

Question 15

How many individual ridge characteristics are on the average fingerprint?

Answer 15

150

Question 16

Name the three types of impressions:

Answer 16

Patent prints, plastic prints, latent prints

Question 17

1792 to 1750 BC

Answer 17

Archaeologists discovered fingerprints pressed into clay tablet contracts

Question 18

300 BC

Answer 18

inked fingerprints on all official documents, such as contracts and loans

Question 19

1684

Answer 19

Earliest record of the study of the patterns on human hands

Question 20

1788

Answer 20

The arrangement of skin ridges is never duplicated in two persons

Question 21

1823

Answer 21

Nine distinct fingerprint patterns including loops spirals circles and double whorls

Question 22

1856

Answer 22

Fingerprints are unique to individuals and are not altered by age

Question 23

1879

Answer 23

alphonse Bartillon created a way to identify criminals using physical measurements taken from prisoners

Question 24

1888

Answer 24

Classification system for fingerprints

Question 25

1896

Answer 25

Fingerprint records divided by arch, whorl, or loop patterns — each fingerprint card in the system was imprinted with all 10 fingerprints of a person and worked with individual characteristics

Question 26

2012

Answer 26

Fingerprints are digitally taken in the FBI maintains IAFIS

Question 27

What is a fingerprint?

Answer 27

An impression left on any surface that consists of patterns made by ridges on a finger

Question 28

What are the fingerprints made up of?

Answer 28

They are made up of water, oils, and salt

Question 29

How to collect latent fingerprints?

Answer 29

They can be lifted by being dusted using carbon-based powders, metal or magnetic powders, or a variety of chemicals

Question 30

What is used to lift and preserve the fingerprint?

Answer 30

Tape

Question 31

What is the ratio of false identification made by fingerprint examiners?

Answer 31

1 to 5

Question 32

How do criminals avoid identification?

Answer 32

many use acid, burn themselves, cut themselves, use sandpaper, burn it off, or use lasers

Question 33

True or false mutilation cause the fingerprints to disappear?

Answer 33

false

Question 34

How to lift shoe and foot impressions?

Answer 34

Latent impressions can be made visible by using luminal dusting or using electrostatic dust. Plastic impressions can be lifted using plaster to make a cast

Question 35

Databases contain the names of _______ and _______ used to identify different types of shoes.

Answer 35

Specific manufactures; tread patterns

Question 36

examining feet tracks can reveal:

Answer 36

If a person was running or walking, if someone is injured, or the likelihood that someone is older or disabled

Question 37

True or false larger shoe size means taller height

Answer 37

true

Question 38

Every make and model of a vehicle has its own ______ and _____.

Answer 38

Track width; wheelbase measurements

Question 39

What are skid marks?

Answer 39

Sudden braking; the distance the brakes are applied; the velocity

Question 40

What are yaw marks?

Answer 40

Donuts, curves, melting tires, striped shape

Question 41

What are tire scrubs?

Answer 41

Damaged or overloaded tires from impact, curved and irregular, determine area of impact

Question 42

How to collect dental impressions:

Answer 42

Bite marks should be photographed ASAP, photographs should include a ruler to establish a reference for size, if possible swab the bite mark to obtain DNA evidence