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Biology 182 > Unit 4 Bio > Flashcards

Unit 4 Bio Flashcards

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1
Q

pili

A

a proteinaceous, polymeric organelle expressed on surface of bacteria. functions include mediation of cell interactions, DNA uptake, and motility

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2
Q

flagella

A

hairlike structure that acts primarily as an organelle of locomotion in the cells of many organisms

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3
Q

glycocalyx

A

a network of polysaccharides that project from cellular surfaces of bacteria

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4
Q

capsule

A

polysaccharide layer that lies outside the cell envelope and part of outer envelope of a bacterial cell

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5
Q

slime

A

layer of mucus covering body if fish

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6
Q

endospore

A

formant, tough, non reproductive structure produced by certain bacteria from Firmicute phylum

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7
Q

magnetosome

A

intracellular structure produced by magneto tactic bacteria, compromise nanoparticles surrounded by lipid bilayer membrane

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8
Q

choanoflagellate

A

globally distributed group of marine protozoans with a highly distinctive morphology with whip like flagellum and collar of shorter hairs

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9
Q

asymmetric

A

lack of body pattern or plan

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10
Q

radial symmetry

A

bodies organized circularly

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11
Q

bilateral symmetry

A

defined left and right halves

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12
Q

cephalization

A

localized of sensory structures at anterior of body. encounter environment head first

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13
Q

dorsal

A

back of body

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14
Q

ventral

A

front of body

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15
Q

cleavage

A

rapid cell divisions with no significant growth and produces blastula

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16
Q

blastula

A

hallow sphere of cells

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17
Q

germ layer

A

tissue layers

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18
Q

gastrulation

A

area where blastula invaginates, promotes function of different germ layers. occurs in all organisms except sponges

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19
Q

gastrula

A

structure formed as result of gastrulation, forms several layers of tissues

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20
Q

endoderm

A

inner layer, lines primitive digestive tract and liver and lungs in chordates

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21
Q

ectoderm

A

outer layer, covers surface of embryo and differentiates into epidermis and nervous systems

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22
Q

mesoderm

A

true third layer of tissue, muscles and most of the organ systems

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23
Q

mesoglea

A

not. true tissue, translucent non living gelatinous substance between layers

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24
Q

triploblastic

A

bilaterally symmetrical, endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm

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25
Q

diploblastic

A

endoderm, ectoderm, mesoglea

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26
Q

blastospore

A

indentation of endoderm, opening of digestive tract to the outside

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27
Q

deuterostrome

A

anus develops before mouth (all vertebrates and some invertebrates) coelom forms by out pocketing of primitive gut

28
Q

protostome

A

mouth develops before anus (most invertebrates) coelom forms by splitting of mesoderm

29
Q

determinant cleave

A

fate of embryonic cells determined early in development, one of cells removed: development halted

30
Q

inter determinate cleavage

A

cells produced in early cleavage retain the ability to develop into a complete embryo. removed: continues to grow

31
Q

spiral cleavage

A

newly formed upper layer of cells lay on top of junction of cells immediately below it

32
Q

radial cleavage

A

newly formed upper layer of cells lay directly on top of cells immediately below it

33
Q

coelom

A

internal fluid filled body cavity, creates segmentation or compartmentalization

34
Q

coelomate

A

cavity completely linked by mesoderm

35
Q

acoelomates

A

lack a fluid filled body cavity, contains mesenchyme instead which is tissue derived from mesoderm

36
Q

psuedocoelomates

A

have a fluid filled body cavity but it is not completely lined by tissue from mesoderm

37
Q

ecdysozoa

A

new clade of molting organisms. all members secrete a non living cuticle or exoskeleton

38
Q

ecdysis

A

a process of molting a too small exoskeleton and secreting a newer larger one

39
Q

lophotrophozoa

A

divided into 2 groups base don larval form

40
Q

lophophore

A

horse shoe crown of tentacle, rotifers, bryozoans, brachiopods

41
Q

trochophore

A

band of swimming cilia around middle, annelids, brachiopods

42
Q

colloblasts

A

cells that secrete a sticky substance to catch prey (copepods, larval inverts, small fish)

43
Q

bioluminescence

A

the production and emission of light by living organism

44
Q

amoebocytes

A

absorbed food from choanocytes and transport

45
Q

spicules

A

structural components of a sponge

46
Q

polyp

A

growth that protrudes from mucous membrane

47
Q

medusa

A

cnidarian umbrella body form

48
Q

incomplete digestive tract

A

digestive cavity with one opening

49
Q

complete digestive tract

A

food and liquids can move through cavity and exit body as feces

50
Q

nematocytes

A

large organelles produced by Golgi as a secretory product within specialized cells

51
Q

ocelli

A

photoreceptors

52
Q

auricles

A

chemoreceptors and sensory cells

53
Q

foot (mollusks)

A

muscular organ used for movement, attachment, and food capture

54
Q

visceral mass

A

contains internal organs

55
Q

mantle

A

fold of skin that covers visceral mass, secretes shell and help develop lungs and gills

56
Q

mantle cavity

A

houses gills, generate a continue current of water either through cilia or muscular contractions to exchange waste and water

57
Q

radula

A

organ that bears many rows of teeth used to obtain food. can scrape off plants and algae as drill

58
Q

open circulatory system

A

blood is not enclosed in blood vessels and pumped into hemocoel cavity

59
Q

closed circulatory system

A

blood is pumped through vessels separate from interstitial fluid of body

60
Q

pentamerous radial symmetry

A

their body can be divided into 5 parts which point outward from center of body

61
Q

water vascular system

A

locomotion, feeding, gas exchange, sensory reception

62
Q

notochord

A

flexible supporting rod

63
Q

dorsal hallow cord

A

bundle of nerve fiber that culminates in brain

64
Q

pharyngeal slits

A

water and gas exchange

65
Q

postanal tail

A

Biology 182 (4 decks)

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