Unit 4 Bio Flashcards
pili
a proteinaceous, polymeric organelle expressed on surface of bacteria. functions include mediation of cell interactions, DNA uptake, and motility
flagella
hairlike structure that acts primarily as an organelle of locomotion in the cells of many organisms
glycocalyx
a network of polysaccharides that project from cellular surfaces of bacteria
capsule
polysaccharide layer that lies outside the cell envelope and part of outer envelope of a bacterial cell
slime
layer of mucus covering body if fish
endospore
formant, tough, non reproductive structure produced by certain bacteria from Firmicute phylum
magnetosome
intracellular structure produced by magneto tactic bacteria, compromise nanoparticles surrounded by lipid bilayer membrane
choanoflagellate
globally distributed group of marine protozoans with a highly distinctive morphology with whip like flagellum and collar of shorter hairs
asymmetric
lack of body pattern or plan
radial symmetry
bodies organized circularly
bilateral symmetry
defined left and right halves
cephalization
localized of sensory structures at anterior of body. encounter environment head first
dorsal
back of body
ventral
front of body
cleavage
rapid cell divisions with no significant growth and produces blastula
blastula
hallow sphere of cells
germ layer
tissue layers
gastrulation
area where blastula invaginates, promotes function of different germ layers. occurs in all organisms except sponges
gastrula
structure formed as result of gastrulation, forms several layers of tissues
endoderm
inner layer, lines primitive digestive tract and liver and lungs in chordates
ectoderm
outer layer, covers surface of embryo and differentiates into epidermis and nervous systems
mesoderm
true third layer of tissue, muscles and most of the organ systems
mesoglea
not. true tissue, translucent non living gelatinous substance between layers
triploblastic
bilaterally symmetrical, endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm
diploblastic
endoderm, ectoderm, mesoglea
blastospore
indentation of endoderm, opening of digestive tract to the outside
deuterostrome
anus develops before mouth (all vertebrates and some invertebrates) coelom forms by out pocketing of primitive gut
protostome
mouth develops before anus (most invertebrates) coelom forms by splitting of mesoderm
determinant cleave
fate of embryonic cells determined early in development, one of cells removed: development halted
inter determinate cleavage
cells produced in early cleavage retain the ability to develop into a complete embryo. removed: continues to grow
spiral cleavage
newly formed upper layer of cells lay on top of junction of cells immediately below it
radial cleavage
newly formed upper layer of cells lay directly on top of cells immediately below it
coelom
internal fluid filled body cavity, creates segmentation or compartmentalization
coelomate
cavity completely linked by mesoderm
acoelomates
lack a fluid filled body cavity, contains mesenchyme instead which is tissue derived from mesoderm
psuedocoelomates
have a fluid filled body cavity but it is not completely lined by tissue from mesoderm
ecdysozoa
new clade of molting organisms. all members secrete a non living cuticle or exoskeleton
ecdysis
a process of molting a too small exoskeleton and secreting a newer larger one
lophotrophozoa
divided into 2 groups base don larval form
lophophore
horse shoe crown of tentacle, rotifers, bryozoans, brachiopods
trochophore
band of swimming cilia around middle, annelids, brachiopods
colloblasts
cells that secrete a sticky substance to catch prey (copepods, larval inverts, small fish)
bioluminescence
the production and emission of light by living organism
amoebocytes
absorbed food from choanocytes and transport
spicules
structural components of a sponge
polyp
growth that protrudes from mucous membrane
medusa
cnidarian umbrella body form
incomplete digestive tract
digestive cavity with one opening
complete digestive tract
food and liquids can move through cavity and exit body as feces
nematocytes
large organelles produced by Golgi as a secretory product within specialized cells
ocelli
photoreceptors
auricles
chemoreceptors and sensory cells
foot (mollusks)
muscular organ used for movement, attachment, and food capture
visceral mass
contains internal organs
mantle
fold of skin that covers visceral mass, secretes shell and help develop lungs and gills
mantle cavity
houses gills, generate a continue current of water either through cilia or muscular contractions to exchange waste and water
radula
organ that bears many rows of teeth used to obtain food. can scrape off plants and algae as drill
open circulatory system
blood is not enclosed in blood vessels and pumped into hemocoel cavity
closed circulatory system
blood is pumped through vessels separate from interstitial fluid of body
pentamerous radial symmetry
their body can be divided into 5 parts which point outward from center of body
water vascular system
locomotion, feeding, gas exchange, sensory reception
notochord
flexible supporting rod
dorsal hallow cord
bundle of nerve fiber that culminates in brain
pharyngeal slits
water and gas exchange
postanal tail
