Statistics Terms

Question 1

statistics

Answer 1

study of methods for collecting, summarizing, analyzing, and interpreting data

Question 2

population

Answer 2

complete collection of all individuals of elements under consideration in statistical study

Question 3

census

Answer 3

collection of data regarding an entire population

Question 4

sample

Answer 4

subject of selected elements from population

Question 5

parameter

Answer 5

numerical summarization about a population

Question 6

qualitative variable

Answer 6

takes on categories that cannot be averaged (blood type, color, race, name, eye color, zip code)

Question 7

quantitative data

Answer 7

takes on numerical values to represent a measurement

Question 8

Discrete data

Answer 8

entries are countable (number of eggs a chicken lays)

Question 9

continuous data

Answer 9

entries can be continued on a scale

Question 10

explanatory variable

Answer 10

values generally controllable by experimenter

Question 11

response variable

Question 12

causation

Answer 12

levels of some explanatory variables are certain to cause level of response variable to carry characteristics

Question 13

correlation

Answer 13

suggests that levels of some explanatory variables tend to observe a level of response variable to carry characteristics

Question 14

does correlation imply causation

Answer 14

NO

Question 15

observational study

Answer 15

researchers observe characteristics and take measurements as it exists in the world. casual relationships not proven

Question 16

designed experiment

Answer 16

researchers impose treatments and controls, then observes characteristics and takes measurements. it may be possible to establish casual relationships

Question 17

lurking variable

Answer 17

explanatory variable that was not considered for the study, but affects value of response variable

Question 18

census sampling

Answer 18

recording every observable entry in a population possible

Question 19

representative sampling

Answer 19

sample constructed to most closely reflect population of the study

Question 20

simple random sample

Answer 20

a random number generator is used to select “n” individuals from entire population of N individuals

Question 21

cluster sample

Answer 21

separates the population into groups (strata) and use random generator to select groups and all individuals surveyed

Question 22

stratified random sample

Answer 22

separate population into groups (strata) and use generator to randomly survey some individuals in each group

Question 23

convenience sample

Answer 23

we survey the individuals that are readily accessible

Question 24

voluntary response sample

Answer 24

individuals participating in survey go out of their way to respond

Question 25

voluntary response bias

Answer 25

participants are commonly passionate and may not reflect population

Question 26

systematic sample

Answer 26

survey every “nth” individual in convenience sample

Question 27

self interest bias

Answer 27

questions posted by companies about their own product

Question 28

social acceptability bias

Answer 28

” did you vote”

Question 29

leading question bias

Answer 29

“are you interested in not paying high taxes…”

Question 30

non response bias

Answer 30

we selected people but they didnt respond

Question 31

sample size (n)

Answer 31

count for number of observation

Question 32

relative frequency

Answer 32

how frequent a type occurs in reference to another

Question 33

relative frequency formula

Answer 33

frequency/total observations (n)