UNIT 4: AOS 2: What Influences Mental Wellbeing? Flashcards

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1
Q

Typical behaviour

A

Behaviour that applies to or is exhibited by the majority of people and/or majority of the time

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2
Q

Atypical behaviour

A

Behaviour that is not exhibited by the majority of people

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3
Q

Adaptive behaviour

A

Behaviourthat enables someone to adjust to behaviour or situations

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4
Q

Maladaptive behaviour

A

Often used to reduce anxiety. Result is dysfunctional, and usually don’t address the actual problem.

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5
Q

Wellbeing

A

A state in which an individual is mentally, physically, and socially healthy and secure.

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6
Q

Mental Wellbeing

A

An individual’s psychological state indicating their ability to think, process information and regulate emotions.

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7
Q

What is characteristic of high mental wellbeing?

A

-Being independent and able to carry out everyday tasks
-Strong social and emotional wellbeing
-High levels of functioning
-Resillience to stressors

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8
Q

Resillience

A

-Dynamic process wherein individuals display positive adaptation despite experiences of aversity, trauma or change.
-High resiliance has been linked to greater life satisfaction and happiness

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9
Q

Characterisitics of the social and emotional wellbeing framework

A

Multidimensional- made up of different components/sections
Holistic- Approaches wellbeing as a whole person, including their mental, physical, spiritual and social needs
Self is viewed as significantly linked to family and community

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10
Q

Determinants of Wellbeing for Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islanders

A

Social- Circumstances in which people grow, live, and work, and the systems put in place to deal with illness -socioeconomic status, impact of poverty. unemployment, racial discrimination
Historical The ongoing influences of events, policies and trauma on groups of people. E.G. colonisation and its legacy, impact of past gov. policy
Political Policies that shape the process of distributing resources and power to individuals and communitym and create or reinforce social and health inequalities. E.G. unresolved issues of land, control of local resources, rights of self determination.

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11
Q

Characteristics of low mental wellbeing

A

-Distress
-Dysfunction

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12
Q

7 Domains of SEWB

A

Body and behaviours Physical health, and its resoration through sport, hunting and gathering and medicines.
Mind and Emotions Beyond mental health. Recognising postive emotions, self-confidance and joy. Restored through support, education and truth-telling
Family and kinship Family and groups, respect for elders, gender and ages roles. Restoration includes connecting with family history, programs, developing healthy relationship.
Community Cultural structures of responsibility, social inclusion and relationships. Restoration includes self-determination and engaging with community.
Culture includes cultural expression, knowledge and identity. Restoration includes learning about and participating in expression and knowledge.
Country Deep experience of belonging to Country. Restoration includes returning to land as a way of healing.
Spirituality and Ancestors Knowledge and belief systems, the Dreaming and cultural healing practices. Restoration includes accepting evolving expressions of spirituality and coexisting with other religions.

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13
Q

Cultural Continuity

A

The ability to preserve and carry forward a rich heritage, traditions, practices, knowledge and way of life across generations.

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14
Q

Self-determination

A

The ability of Aboriginal peoples to determine their own political, economic, social and cultural development. Aboriginal peoples take ownership and responisibility for delivering on their own terms.

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15
Q

Biological contributing factors for specific phobia

A

GABA dysfunction Low levels of GABA lead to higher levels of anxiety because there is not enough GABA to adequately regulate anxiety or arousal levels
Long term potentiation Phobias are likely learnt through experience. LTP is involved in adapting the brain when the new information is learnt and consolidated

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16
Q

Biological evidence-based interventions

A

Benzodiazepines are GABA agonists which imitate a neurotransmitters activity, reducing the symtoms of anxiety.
Breathing Retraining Involves identifying abnormal breathing habits and replacing them with healthy ones such as box breathing

17
Q

Psychological contributing factors for specific phobia

A

Precipitation by classical conditioning By repeatedly pairing an NS (dentist) immediately before a UCS (pain from injection), a classically conditioned fear can be established, with the CS alone (dentist) eliciting a CR (fear)
Perpetuation by operant conditioning Antecedent (the phobic stimulus), Behaviour (avoiding the phobic stimulus), Consequence (Negatively reinforce avoidance behaviour, increasing likelihood of avoidance behaviours, which perpetuates the phobia).
Cognitive bias Memory bias and Catastrophic thinking

18
Q

Memory Bias

A

Occurs when there is an error of thinking that enhances or impairs the retrieval of memory, or alters the memory

19
Q

Catastrophic Thinking

A

A type of negative thinking in which an object, situation or event is seen as more threatening that it really is

20
Q

Psychological evidence-based interventions

A

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy focuses on helping a person change maladaptive, negative automatic thoughts/behaviours and replace them with more positive, realistic ones.
Systematic Desensitisation Based on the assumption that most anxiety responses are aquired through classical conditioning. Elimination of a specific phobia through counter-conditioning. 4 steps.

21
Q

Systematic Desensitisation

A

Based on the assumption that most anxiety responses are aquired through classical conditioning. Elimination of a specific phobia through counter-conditioning.
1- Therapist trains the person in a relaxation technique
2- Person makes a hierarchy of anxiety-causing stimuli that are linked to their phobia, from least anxiety-inducing to most
3- Tries to work through the hierarchy, learning to remain relaxed while imagining each stimulus. This is repeated until the peson can go through each step with little to no fear

22
Q

Social contributing factors for specific phobia

A

Specific environmental triggers Negative or traumatic encounters with the feared object or sitution
Stigma around seeking treatment Negative social attitude attached to a characteristic of an individual that may be regarded as a mental, physical, or social deficiency.
Can lead to:
-Reluctance to seek treatment
-A lack of understanding by family etc
-Discrimination- fewer opportunities

23
Q

Social evidence-based interventions

A

Psychoeducation involves the explanation of the nature of mental disorders, their treatment and management strategies. Can equip patients and their supporters with strategies to help them manage their phobia.
-Learning to challenge unrealisitc thoughts
-Discouraging avoidance behaviours

24
Q

Biological Protective factors

A

Adequate nutritional intake, hydration and sleep Important to get enough nutriants, water. Sleep needs to be of appropriate duration and quality.

25
Q

Psychological Protective factors

A

Cognitive behavioural strategies Techniques drawn from CBT, to identify, assess and correct faulty patterns of thinkingthat may be affecting mental health.
Mindfulness Meditation Deliberately focusing attention in the present moment, without judgement. Enables individuals to become highly attentive to sensory information and to focus on each moment as it occurs, reducing stress.

26
Q

Social Protective factors

A

Support that is authentic and energising Assistance, care or empathy provided by people. Should be genuine, and provide enthusiasm. Isolation is not helpful to mental wellbeing.