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psychology units 3 & 4 > Unit 4 AOS 1 > Flashcards

Unit 4 AOS 1 Flashcards

The demand for sleep and Importance of sleep to mental wellbeing

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1
Q

Consciousness

A

the level of awareness an individual has of their thoughts, feelings, perceptions and existence

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2
Q

Psychological construct

A

an agreed upon description and understanding of things we believe exist but cannot measure or observe

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3
Q

Example of a psychological construct

A

consciousness, because it is believed to exist, but we are unable to physically measure it

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4
Q

Normal Waking Consciousness (NWC)

A

a state of consciousness in which an individual is awake and aware

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5
Q

Altered State of Consciousness (ASC)

A

a state of consciousness that is distinctly different from normal waking consciousness in terms of quality of experience and levels of awareness

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6
Q

Naturally occurring altered state of consciousness

A

a type of altered state of consciousness that occurs without intervention
e.g. sleep

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7
Q

Induced altered state of consciousness

A

a type fo altered state of consciousness that occurs due to a purposeful action or aid
e.g. meditation, influence of alcohol/drugs

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8
Q

Consciousness continuum

A

a visual representation of the different states of consciousness that progress from lower levels of awareness to higher levels of awareness

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9
Q

Sleep

A

a regular and naturally occurring altered state of consciousness that involves a loss of awareness and disengagement with internal and external stimuli

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10
Q

REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep

A

a type of sleep characterised by rapid eye movement, high levels of brain activity and low levels of physical activity

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11
Q

NREM (non-rapid eye movement) sleep

A

a type of sleep characterised by a lack of rapid eye movement and is subdivided into three different stages

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12
Q

Characteristics of sleep

A
  • reduced ability to control behaviour
  • reduction in control over thoughts
  • perceptual and cognitive distortions
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13
Q

Sleep episode

A

the full duration of time spent asleep

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14
Q

Sleep cycle

A

an approximately 90 minute period that repeats during a sleep episode in which an individual progresses through stages of REM and NREM sleep

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15
Q

Characteristics of REM sleep

A

Sleeper has a highly active brain and less active body
- virtually paralysed
- vivid dreaming occurs
- light stage of sleep

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16
Q

Characteristics of NREM sleep

A

Less active brain than normal waking consciousness, physical movement is possible
- time spent in NREM sleep is highest during the first half of the sleep episode, becomes shorter with each sleep cycle

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17
Q

NREM stage 2

A

relatively light sleep, majority of time spent asleep

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17
Q

NREM stage 1

A

awake into light sleep. Sleeper loses awareness of themselves and surroundings, but aware of faint sounds; can be easily awoken

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18
Q

NREM stage 3

A

deep stage of sleep, difficult to wake sleeper, if awoken they will feel drowsy and disoriented

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19
Q

Electroencephalograph (EEG)

A

a device that detects, amplifies and records the electrical activity of the brain

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20
Q

Frequency

A

number of brain waves per second

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21
Q

Amplitude

A

intensity and height of the brain waves

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22
Q

Brain waves when awake/alert

A

high frequency and low amplitude

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23
Q

Brain waves when in deep sleep

A

low frequency and high amplitude

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24
Q

EEG readings in NREM sleep stage 1

A

high frequency and low amplitude, but lower frequency and higher amplitude than NWC

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24
Q

EEG readings in REM sleep

A

high frequency and low amplitude

25
Q

EEG readings in NREM sleep stage 2

A

medium frequency and medium amplitude

26
Q

EEG reading in NREM sleep stage 3

A

low frequency and high amplitude

27
Q

Electromyograph (EMG)

A

a device that detects, amplifies and records the electrical activity of the body’s muscles

28
Q

Electro-oculograph (EOG)

A

a device that detects, amplifies and records the electrical activity of the muscles surrounding the eyes

29
Q

Sleep diary

A

a record containing self-reported descriptions from an individual about their sleeping periods

30
Q

Video monitoring

A

use of camera and audio technologies to record an individual as they sleep

31
Q

Neonatal/newborn period (0-2 weeks)

A

Approximately 16 hours sleep, 50% REM, 50% NREM

32
Q

Infancy (3-24 months)

A

Approximately 13-14 hours sleep, 35% REM, 65% NREM

33
Q

Childhood (2-14 years)

A

Approximately 11-12 hours sleep, 20% REM, 80% NREM

34
Q

Adolescence (14-18 years)

A

Approximately 9 hours sleep, 20% REM, 80% NREM
biological delayed sleep onset, will be sleepier later and wake up later

35
Q

Adulthood (18-75 years)

A

Approximately 7-8 hours sleep, 20% REM, 80% NREM

36
Q

Old age (75+ years)

A

Approximately 6 hours sleep, 20% REM, 80% NREM
Biological shift forward, sleep earlier and wake up earlier

37
Q

Circadian rhythm

A

Biological and behavioural changes that occur as part of a cycle that lasts around 24 hours.
Sleep-wake cycle is a type of circadian rhythm

38
Q

Body clock

A

refers to the circadian rhythm, which regulates the sleep-wake cycle

39
Q

Sleep-wake cycle

A

24-hour-cycle that is made up of time spent sleeping and time spent awake/alert

40
Q

Ultradian rhythm

A

Biological and behavioural changes that occur in a cycle that lasts less than 24 hours
e.g. sleep cycles

41
Q

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)

A

area of the hypothalamus that is responsible for regulating an individual’s sleep-wake patterns

42
Q

How does the SCN regulate the sleep-wake cycle?

A

receive information from both internal and external cues which dictate the message the SCN sends to the pineal gland

43
Q

Pineal gland

A

gland in the brain responsible for the production and release of melatonin

44
Q

Melatonin

A

hormone released by the pineal gland to induce sleep as part of the sleep-wake cycle

45
Q

Role of cortisol in the sleep-wake cycle

A

adrenal cortex releases cortisol in the morning to promote wakefulness and alertness

46
Q

Sleep deprivation

A

inadequate quantity or quality of sleep

47
Q

Full Sleep Deprivation

A

individual has no sleep within a 24 hours period

48
Q

Partial Sleep Deprivation

A

inadequate or poor quality of sleep within a 24 hour period

49
Q

Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)

A

measure of how much alcohol is in a person’s bloodstream

50
Q

Alcohol

A

a depressant drug

51
Q

Sleep disorders

A

disturbances to typical sleeping and waking patterns

52
Q

Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders

A

sleep disorders that interfere with the typical regulation of the circadian rhythm of sleep

53
Q

Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome (DSPS)

A

type of circadian rhythm sleep disorder in which sleep and waking occur later than usual

54
Q

Advanced Sleep Phase Syndrome (ASPD)

A

type of circadian rhythm sleep disorder in which sleep and waking occur earlier than usual

55
Q

What is DSPS and ASPD caused by?

A

misalignment between external and internal cues that regulate the circadian rhythm

56
Q

DSPS v.s. ASPD

A

melatonin secretion occurs later for individuals with DSPS and earlier for individuals with ASPD

57
Q

Shift work

A

an occupation that involves working at unusual hours

58
Q

Bright Light Therapy

A

a method used to adjust a person’s circadian rhythm through exposure to a high-intensity light source

59
Q

Sleep hygiene

A

practices and habits that promote an individual’s sleep patterns

60
Q

Zeitgebers

A

External cues from the environment that influence the circadian rhythm

61
Q

Blue Light

A

Type of light that can be emitted both naturally and artificially

62
Q

How do daylight and blue light act as zeitgebers?

A

Cease melatonin production and promote wakefulness

psychology units 3 & 4 (5 decks)

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