Unit 4- AC3.2

Question 1

What are the two agencies that contribute to environmental design?

Answer 1

• Architects
• Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED).

Question 2

What are four types of environmental design

Answer 2

• Defensible and indefensible areas
• Gated lanes
• Panopticon
• Alice Coleman and CPTED denying opportunities for criminal behaviour

Question 3

Describe defensible and indefensible spaces

Answer 3

• Initiated by Oscar Newman
• Indefensible spaces are ‘confused areas’ that belongs to no one. 55% of all crimes committed occurred in public spaces because they felt no one ‘owned’ them.

Question 4

How is social control maintained by creating defensible spaces?

Answer 4

Create clear boundaries e.g. cul de sacs
- Increases territoriality
- Creates natural surveillance
- Creates a safe image
- In a safe environment

Question 5

How do architects contribute to social control?

Answer 5

By creating defensible spaces that reduce crime

Question 6

What is CPTED?

Answer 6

Crime prevention through environmental design
Developed by American criminologist Jeffery, based on Newman’s ideas.
- idea that environment can create or deny opportunities for criminals

Question 7

What did Alice Coleman do with CPTED ideas?

Answer 7

Analysed approx 4000 blocks of flats in London, concluding that the designs created criminal opportunities due to anonymity, lack of surveillance and easy escapes

Question 8

What did Alice Coleman recommend?

Answer 8

• No more blocks (prevents anonymity)
• Remove overhead walkways (Obstructs surveillance)
• Own private space (look after it)

Question 9

What effect did Alice Colemans ideas have?

Answer 9

Reduced crime by 50%
Police forces now employ ‘architectural liaisons’ to build crime prevention.

Question 10

How did CPTED contribute to social control?

Answer 10

Showed altering environment can reduce crime, contributing to social control

Question 11

When are gated lanes used>

Answer 11

When there is two rows of houses with an alley in the middle to prevent offenders gaining access to alleyways and committing burglaries

Question 12

What did Sidebottom find about gated lanes?

Answer 12

43 studies found reduced burglaries because
- Physical barrier
- Open alleys suffer from broken window effect
- Offenders cant take large items