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Criminology Diploma > Unit 4- AC3.1 > Flashcards

Unit 4- AC3.1 Flashcards

Explain the role of agencies in social control

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1
Q

What are the agencies in social control? (6)

A
  • Police
  • CPS
  • Prison
  • Judiciary
  • National probation service
  • Charities and pressure groups
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2
Q

What is the philosophy of the police?

A
  • Prevent crime and disorder
  • Depend on public cooperation for success
  • Physical force as last resort only
  • Police impartially serve the law (unbiased)
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3
Q

What are the aim and objectives of the police?

A
  • keep peace and maintain order
  • Protect life and property
  • Prevent, detect and investigate crime
  • Bring offenders to justice
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4
Q

Who/what funds the police?

A
  • 2/3rds come from central government (general taxation)
  • Local council tax
  • Charging for service
    19% drop in 2018
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5
Q

What is the national/local reach of the police?

A

39 regional police forces in England, 4 in Wales.

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6
Q

What types of offences/offenders do police deal with?

A

All types of offences and offenders.
Some specialist law enforcement agencies deal with certain types e.g. HM revenues and customs deal with tax evasion.

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7
Q

What is the role of the police?

A

Patrolling, responding to calls from the public, securing the crime scene, gathering evidence from witnesses and apprehending criminals.
Departments have specialist duties e.g national crime agency deal with child exploitation.

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8
Q

What is the philosophy of the CPS?

A
  • Independence and fairness
  • Honesty and openness
  • Treating everyone with respect
  • Behave professionally
  • Equality and inclusion
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9
Q

What are the aims and objectives of the CPS?

A
  • Advise police
  • Assess evidence
  • Decide whether to prosecute
  • Prepares and presents prosecution
  • Informs and supports victims
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10
Q

What/who funds the CPS?

A
  • government
    budget is 1/2 billion every year/ Fell by 25% in 2018
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11
Q

What is the national/local reach of the CPS?

A

14 regional areas. Each with a chief crown prosecutor. Head of the CPS is director of public prosecutions.

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12
Q

What type of offender/offences do the CPS deal with?

A

Full range of offences, except minor.

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13
Q

How do the CPS decide whether to prosecute?

A

Full code test:
- Evidential test
- Public interest test
Threshold test

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14
Q

What is included in the evidential test?

A

CPS decide if it is admissible, reliable and credible. If there is realistic prospect of conviction, it will pass)

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15
Q

What is the public interest test?

A

Tests is prosecution is in the public interest

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16
Q

What is the threshold test?

A

If the case fails the full code test, it can still pass this test.
Passes if there are reasonable grounds of suspicion of guilt and further evidence of guilt can be found.

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17
Q

What is the philosophy of the judiciary?

A

Summed up in guide to judicial conduct, 2016
- Judicial independence (free from government interference)
- Impartiality
- Integrity
- Propriety (uphold societies standards)
- Ensure equal treatment
- Competence

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18
Q

What are the aims and objectives of the judiciary in crown court and the court of appeal?

A
  • Interpret and apply law
  • In crown court, they manage the trial, ensure fairness, sum up evidence and pass sentences
  • In court of appeal, they make rulings on appeals and set precedent
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19
Q

Where does the funding for the judiciary come from?

A
  • Government. General taxation
  • Pay decided by senior salaries review board
  • Lord chief justice earns £262,000
20
Q

What is the national and local reach of the judiciary?

A
  • 3000 court judges in the UK
  • Supreme court has nationwide jurisdiction
  • Crown court handles local cases (90 in UK)
21
Q

What types of offences/offenders does the judiciary handle?

A

Crown court focus on indictable cases whereas magistrates handles minor cases.

22
Q

How is independence maintained in the judiciary?

A
  • Security of tenure means they cannot be removed from position unless a petition is signed by parliament and monarch.
  • Salary is guaranteed which stops the judges being forced out due to differing opinions to the government.
23
Q

What is the philosophy of the national probation service?

A
  • offenders have the ability to change
  • believe in the worth and dignity of offenders
  • Commit to social justice, social inclusion, equality and diversity
24
Q

What are the aims and objectives of the national probation service?

A
  • Supervise offenders in community and provides statutory support to victims.
  • Priority is to protect the public by rehabilitating offenders
25
Q

Where does the funding for the national probation service come from?

A
  • Government by taxation
  • Comes out of £4.6 billion prison budget
26
Q

What is the national and local reach of the national probation service?

A
  • National service working to the same standards across the country but deliver the service regionally and locally.
27
Q

What types of offenders/offences does the national probation service deal with?

A
  • 250000 offenders in probation for variety of offences.
  • Offenders deemed safe enough to be in the community.
28
Q

What is the responsibility of the national probation service?

A
  • Pre-sentencing reports for courts to advise sentences
  • Managing approved premises in residence requirements
  • Assessing prisoners to prepare for release on license.
  • Help offenders serve sentences in the community
  • Communicates with and prioritises the wellbeing of the offenders victims
29
Q

What is the philosophy, aims and objectives of NACRO?

A
  • Social justice charity seeking to change lives, strengthen community and prevent crime
  • Aim to overcome stereotypes of ex offenders
30
Q

What services are provided by NACRO?

A
  • Housing (3000 tenants)
  • Educate (2018, 4800 received education)
  • Resettlement advice (job advice)
  • Outreach programmes (keep young from offending)
31
Q

Where does the funding for NACRO come from?

A
  • Income of £50 million a year
  • Public donations, government grants and contracta
32
Q

What is the national and local reach of NACRO?

A

National organisation in 50 parts of England and Wales

33
Q

What types of offences/offenders does NACRO support?

A

Range of offenders. Focuses on disadvantaged, young offenders

34
Q

What is a campaign example for NACRO?

A

’ Ban the box’
Removing tick box for criminal convictions on application forms

35
Q

What is the philosophy and objectives of the prison reform trust?

A
  • Works to create a just, humane and effective penal system
  • Reducing unnecessary imprisonment
  • Improving treatment and conditions
  • Promoting equality and human rights
36
Q

Where does the funding for the prison reform trust come from?

A

Donations

37
Q

What is the national/local reach of the prison reform trust?

A

National but has local projects

38
Q

What types of offenders does the prison reform trust deal with?

A

Variety of offenders who are at risk or in prison

39
Q

What is a campaign under the prison reform trust?

A

‘Out of trouble campaign’
Reduce number of children/young adults in prison

40
Q

What is the philosophy of prisons?

A

Protects victims by changing the lives of offenders

41
Q

What are the aims and objectives of prisons?

A
  • Protect the public from harm
  • Rehabilitate
  • Hold prisoners securely and implement orders of the court
42
Q

Where does the funding for prisons come from?

A

General taxation
Average cost in 2019 was £41 per prisoner

43
Q

What is the national local reach of prisons?

A

2019- 121 prisons
Nationally organised. Sent to a specific prison based on a risk assessment

44
Q

What types of offenders/offences do prisons deal with?

A

High risk offenders. Range of serious crimes

45
Q

What are prison activities and routines?

A
  • Criticised for lack of rehabilitation opportunities which attributes to cost cuts
  • Rewards prisoners for following rules
  • Basic (limited visits), standard (level prisoners start at), and enhanced (TV)

Criminology Diploma (16 decks)

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