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Criminology > Unit 4: AC2.1: Explain forms of social control > Flashcards

Unit 4: AC2.1: Explain forms of social control Flashcards

AC2.1

1
Q

What is social control?

A

The enforcement of conformity into social norms and values by society upon it’s members, wither by law or by social pressure.

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2
Q

What is internal social control?

A

The idea that the way we control our behaviours is with ‘self-control’.

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3
Q

What have we learnt to do?

A

Regulate our own behaviour.

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4
Q

If moral codes are internalised, what will individuals do?

A

Voluntarily limit deviant acts.

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5
Q

What are the three forms of internal social control?

A

Internalisation of social rules
Rational ideology
Traditions, customs or norms

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6
Q

What is internalisation of social rules?

A

Working out what is the right thing to do, therefore knowing what is right and wrong.

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7
Q

What is an example of the internalisation of social rules?

A

Not eating all the biscuits and leaving some for others. we internalise society’s rules and use them to tell us what is right and wrong so we are able to stay within the law.

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8
Q

What is rational ideology?

A

Made up of our conscience, feelings of guilt, anxiety, and worry from within, which guides us to reach a solution and follow laws and rules.

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9
Q

What does traditions, customs or norms mean?

A

You’re socialised to accept the culture.

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10
Q

What do we do in the context of traditions, customs or norms?

A

We conform to society’s culture in order to be accepted.

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11
Q

Who is socialisation done by?

A

The family and other institutions (education) in society.

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12
Q

What do external pressures compel members of society to do?

A

Conform to social rules.

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13
Q

What are some agents of social control?

A

police, judges, prison guards, school, family.

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14
Q

What do these agents of social control use to achieve the desired end goal?

A

Force (and rewards for those who conform.

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15
Q

What are some forms of force?

A

Removal of civil liberties, imprisonment, death penalty.

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16
Q

What are the two types of external social control?

A

Coercion
Fear of punishment.

17
Q

What is coercion?

A

The use of threat of force or violence to make someone do (or stop doing) something.

18
Q
A
19
Q

What are the negative sanctions of the CJS an example of?

A

Coercion

20
Q

What is an example of the negative sanctions of the CJS?

A

Sending someone to prison - aimed at preventing future offending.

21
Q

What does punishment act as?

A

A deterrent

22
Q

What is individual deterrence?

A

punishment imposed on offenders to deter them from committing a crime.

23
Q

What is an example of an individual deterrence?

A

Suspended sentence.

24
Q

What is general deterrence?

A

Fear of punishment that prevents others from committing similar offences.

25
Q

What is an example of a general deterrence?

A

If people see that theft is being dealt with, with time in prison, others would be deterred from stealing.

26
Q

What does Reckless’ containment theory say?

A

Individuals don’t commit crime due to ‘pull factors’

27
Q

What are these ‘pull factors’ also known as?

A

inner and outer containment

28
Q

What are Reckless’ ideas?

A

Self-concept
Goal orientation

29
Q

What is Reckless’ idea of self-concept?

A

If a person sees themselves as law abiding, they’re less likely to commit crime/deviance.

30
Q

What is Reckless’ idea of goal orientation?

A

People aiming to achieve realistic goals by legitimate means will lead to conformity in society.

31
Q

What does Matza’s drift theory argue?

A

Criminality is only temporary.

32
Q

What does Matza argue about criminality being temporary?

A

Those involved in crimes usually conformed to their everyday lives.

33
Q

In Matza’s theory, what did evidence show about delinquency?

A

It is a temporary state meaning they were likely to have engaged in these acts only during adolescence and early childhood.

34
Q

What are the three aspects of Hisrchi’s social bond theory?

A

Attachment
Commitment
Involvement

35
Q

What does Attachment in Hirschi’s theory argue?

A

We are concerned about what others think about us, therefore we shape our behaviour.

36
Q

What are examples of this attachment?

A

Getting and education
Building up a business
Acquiring a reputation for virtue

37
Q

What does Hirschi argue about commitment?

A

We invest time, money, and energy into legitimate work, and this stops us from deviating due to the risk of loosing this.

38
Q

What does Hirsch’s argument about involvement refer to?

A

Being heavily involved in non-deviant activities likely serve to insulate people from deviance.

Criminology (6 decks)

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