Unit 4 AC 3.1

Question 1

What is the philosophy of the police

Answer 1

Police are to impartially serve the law , should aim to have public cooperation
They are not above the law
Prevent crime and disorder
Physical force is the last resort
Elements of their philosophy can be found in PACE

Question 2

Who was the founder of the metropolitan police

Answer 2

Sir Robert Peel 1829

Question 3

What are the aims of the police in the Association of Chief Police Officers

Answer 3

Keep peace and maintain order
Protect life and property
Prevent, detect and investigate crime
Bring offender to justice

Question 4

How do the police meet their aims (can be called objectives)

Answer 4

Detaining people
Stop and search
Powers of entry
Seize and retain property
Banning orders
Question and interview public

Question 5

Where does the funding for the police come from

Answer 5

2/3 from the government through council tax
A small amount from charging for services - fines, private protection

Question 6

In march 2024 how many full time officers were there

Answer 6

170, 500 approx

Question 7

Between 2010-2018 what happened to the funding of the police force

Answer 7

fell by 19% which resulted in a loss of 20,000 officers
Has been a increase in drive for recruitment since so there are now more officers

Question 8

What are the working practices of officers (day to day)

Answer 8

Writing tickets
Paper work and ensuring it is to the legal standard - note taking and reporting
Interviewing suspects
Conducting house calls
Giving evidence in court (if needed)

Question 9

How many types of specialised policing do we look at and what are they

Answer 9

3 types:
PSCOs
CEOP
SO15

Question 10

What is the national and regional reach of the police

Answer 10

39 regional forces
Specialised forces (Boarder forces, National Crime Agency)
Separate police force in Scotland and Ireland

Question 11

What are CEOP and what do they do

Answer 11

Child Exploitation and Online Protection Command
- work with safeguarding and child protection partners across the UK
- Keep children safe from sexual abuse and online grooming
- Case of Martin Cox - 75,000 pics of children on his device

Question 12

What are SO15 and what do they do

Answer 12

Counter Terrorism Command
- Leads counter terrorism related investigations
- No prevent work to stop radicalisation
- 40 Counter Terrorism Police Liaison Officers
- 3 Feb 2025 - former soldier Danial Khalife jailed over spying - sharing sensitive military information with Iranian agents

Question 13

What are PCSOs and what do they do

Answer 13

Police Community Support Officers
- limited powers, deal with anti-social behaviour, issue fixed-penalties, have to ask police to arrest

Question 14

What are Special Constables

Answer 14

Volunteer roles within the police
Undergo same training

Question 15

What is the Police and Crime Commission and who is our local one

Answer 15

Local one - Alison Lowe
Elected representatives of people of an area covered by police - set local police priorities and funding

Question 16

What is the philosophy of the CPS

Answer 16

Independence and fairness
Honesty and openness
Treating everyone with respect
Behaving professionally
Equality and Inclusion

Question 17

What are the aims of the CPS

Answer 17

Make sure the right person is prosecuted
Bring offender to justice
Fair, objective and independent

Question 18

How do the CPS meet these aims (called objectives)

Answer 18

Code for CPS:
Threshold test for all cases
Prepare cases for trial
Assist victims with support and prosecution witnesses
Advise police in investigations and lines of inquiry

Question 19

What is the funding and how much is it for the CPS

Answer 19

Approx £500mil per year
From courts via fines or seized assets via debt collection

Question 20

Between 2010- 2020 what happened to the funding of the CPS

Answer 20

Suffered 30% funding reduction
£643mil in 2010 -> £567mil in 2020 which includes £85 mil announced by Boris to be added

Question 21

Where is there evidence that there is not enough funding for the CPS

Answer 21

Backlogs of courts and discontinuances of cases

Question 22

What are the working practices of the CPS

Answer 22

Deal with a full range of offenders and criminals with a few being left the police since the creation of the CPS
Minor crimes are left to the police

Question 23

What are the national and regional reach of the CPS

Answer 23

CPS is a national body operating in England and Wales
14 regional offices headed by a Chief Crown Prosecutor
Work closely with police and other agencies
Head of CPS = Director of Public Prosecution
Stephen Parkinson ins the current DPP

Question 24

What is the philosophy of the Judiciary

Answer 24

In Judicial Conduct 2016 revisited in 2023:
Judicial independence (separated from parliament)
Impartiality (no opinion/bias)
Integrity (In obiter dicta)
Proprietary (Uniform, formal language)
Ensuring equal treatment (equivalent sentencing)
Competence (understanding the law)

Question 25

What are the aims of the Judiciary

Answer 25

Interpret and apply law to cases in court

Question 26

What are the objectives of the crown court and appellate courts

Answer 26

CC: judge manages trails, ensures fairness, explains legal issues and procedures to the jury, sum up evidence, pass sentences Appeal: rulings on the appeals that come from lower courts - where precedent is set (as well as supreme)

Question 27

What is the funding and how much is it for the Judiciary

Answer 27

Pay of judges determined by Senior Salaries Review body - independent - make recommendations to prime minister and lord chancellor on how much judges should be paid Highest judges - £267,509 (Lord Chief Justice)

Question 28

What is the wroking practices of the judiciary

Answer 28

Judges have security of tenure and there salary is guaranteed They deal with all types of offenders compared to police only dealing with a handful (small offences) Must take the oath of allegiance as well as the judicial oath to promise to correctly follow the law

Question 29

What is the philosophy of prison

Answer 29

Preventing victims by changing lives of offenders

Question 30

What are the aims and objectives of prison

Answer 30

Protect the public from harm Rehabilitate and contribute positively to society (offenders) Hold prisoners securely Implement sentences and orders of court

Question 31

What is the funding like for prisons

Answer 31

Constantly increasing due to overcrowding The increase does not improve but maintains Prisons paid by government through tax payer 2018 - budget was approx £3bill 2023 - £6.8 bill

Question 32

What is the working practices of prisons

Answer 32

Deal with high risk offenders with a range of offences Categorise prisoners from A-D with D being open prisons for trustworthy prisoners

Question 33

What is the reach of the prison service

Answer 33

National organisation When offenders are sentenced they can go to local prisons or be moved to a different prison across the nation

Question 34

What is the reach of the judiciary

Answer 34

Supreme court has nationwide jurisdiction and settles matters of national importance CC and magistrates are in various places across England and Wales Local courts have reduced due to lack of funding so mainly located in city centres now

Question 35

What are the two examples we study to show that prisons do not meet social control (main impact being the lack of funding and resources)

Answer 35

Birmingham HMP - returned to publicly owned after failing by the G4S (private prison) HMP Liverpool - bad living conditions Strangeways prison - 25 day riot

Question 36

What are the three type of private prison companies

Answer 36

G4s Sodexo Serco