Unit 4 Flashcards
inflection
the process by which words change their form according to their use in a sentence
case
the form that a noun takes as a sign of its grammatical function in a sentence
nominative case
is used for the subject of a sentence
genitive case
when a Latin word appears in the genitive case, translate it with an โofโ
first declension
singular plural
nominative -a -ae
genitive -ae -arum
second declension
singular plural
nominative -us -i
genitive -i -orum
fourth declension
singular plural
nominative -us -us
genitive -us
fifth declension
singular plural
nominative -es -es
genitive -ei
first declension:
alumna, alumnae
nursling, pupil
first declension:
antenna, antennae
antenna, feeler
first declension:
aqua, aquae
water
first declension:
forumula, formulae
formula, pattern
first declension:
larva, larvae
larva
first declension:
lingua, linguae
tongue
first declension:
medulla, medullae
marrow
first declension:
spina, spinae
spine
first declension:
tibia, tibiae
shin bone (โpipe fluteโ)
first declension:
vertebra, vertebrae
vertebra
first declension:
vita, vitae
life
second declension:
alumnus, alumni
nursling, pupil
second declension:
cactus, cacti
cactus, prickly plant
second declension:
focus, focu
center, focus (โhearthโ)
second declension:
fungus, fungi
mushrooms, fungi
second declension:
locus, loci
place
second declension:
musculus, musculi
muscle
second declension:
nasus, nasi
nose
second declension:
nervus, nervi
nerve
second declension:
radius, radii
spoke (of a wheel), ray
second declension:
stimulus, stimuli
goad, incentive
second declension:
terminus, termini
end, endpoint
second declension:
addendum, addendi
a thing to be added
second declension:
cavum, cavi
hollow space, cavity
second declension:
curriculum, curriculi
course of study (โrunning raceโ)
second declension:
datum, dati
item of information (โthing givenโ)
second declension:
exemplum, exempli
example
second declension:
medium, medii
transmitter (โmiddle thingโ)
fourth declension:
cursus, cursus
course, running
fourth declension:
fetus, fetus
fetus, offspring
fourth declension:
manus, manus
hand
fifth declension:
facies, faciei
face, appearance
fifth declension:
series, seriei
series, sequence
fifth declension:
species, speciei
species, type
third declension
singular plural
nominative โ -es
genitive -is -um
singular plural nominative --- -a genitive -is -um
depressor, depressoris
mechanism for pressing down
dilator, dilatoris
mechanism for spreading out
flexor, flexoris
mechanism for bending
levator, levatoris
mechanism for lifting
livor, livoris
bluish discoloration
motor, motoris
mechanism for moving
rigor, rigoris
stiffness, rigidity
tensor, tensoris
mechanism for stretching or tensing
axis, axis
axis
naris, naris
nostril
piscis, piscis
fish
testis, testis
testicle
appendix, appendicis
appendix (โthat which hangs onโ)
cervix, cervicis
neck, cervix
index, indicis
index (โthat which points outโ)
matrix, matricis
matrix, structure, mold
abdomen, abdominis
abdomen
biceps, bicipitis
two-headed (muscle of the arm)
femur, femoris
femur (bone of the upper leg)
mors, mortis
death
os, ossis
bone
pes, pedis
foot
corpus, corporis
body
genus, generis
type, family, race
viscus, visceris
entrails
first declension:
costa, costae
rib
first declension:
membrana, membranae
membrane
first declension:
palperbra, palpebrae
eyelid
first declension:
vena, venae
vein
second declension (-us):
digitus, digiti
finger, toe
second declension (-us):
oculus, oculi
eye
second declension (-um):
brachium, brachii
arm
second declension (-um):
supercilium, supercilii
eyebrow
second declension (-um):
tympanum, tympani
drum
fourth declension:
coitus, coitus
intercourse
fourth declension:
sinus, sinus
cavity
gender of declensions
- first declension nouns are feminine
- second declension nouns ending in -us are masculine
- second declension nouns ending in -um are neuter
- nearly all fourth declension nouns are masculine
- fifth declension nouns are feminine
first/second declension adjectives
mas. sing. masc. pl. fem. sing. fem. pl.
nom. -us -i -a -ae
gen. -i -orum - ae -arum
neut sing. neut. pl.
nom. -um -a
gen. - i -orum
third declension adjectives
masc. /fem sing. masc./fem pl. neut. sing
nom. -is -es -e
gen. -is -ium -is
neut. pl. nom. -ia gen. -ium
first/second declension:
bifidus, bifida, bifidum
forked
first/second declension:
cavus, cava, cavum
hollow
first/second declension:
durus, dura, durum
hard
first/second declension:
latus, lata, latum
wide
first/second declension:
longus, longa, longum
wide
first/second declension:
magnus, magna, magnum
big, great, large
first/second declension:
mucosus, mucosa, mucosum
mucous
first/second declension:
multus, multa, multum
many, much
first/second declension:
transversus, transversa, transversum
oblique, moving across
first/second declension:
dexter, dextra, dextrum
right
first/second declension:
sinister, sinistra, sinistrum
left
third declension:
brevis, breve
short
third declension:
centralis, centrale
central
third declension:
communis, commune
shared, common
third declension:
frontalis, frontale
relating to the forehead
third declension:
jugularis, jugulare
jugular
third declension:
lacrimalis, lacrimale
related to the ears
third declension:
mollis, molle
soft
third declension:
superficialis, superficiale
superficial, on the surface
third declension:
veterbralis, vertebrale
of the vertebra
a.c.
ante cibum
before food
p.c.
post cibum
after food
a.m.
ante meridiem
before midday
p.m.
post meridiem
after midday
a.n.
ante noctem
before night
b.d.
bis die
twice a day
h.s.
hora somni
at the hour of sleep
a.d.
auris dextra
right ear
a.s
auris sinistra
left ear
o.d.
oculus dexter
right eye
o.s.
oculus sinister
left eye
p.o.
per os
orally, through the mouth
p.r.
per rectum
rectally, through the rectum
s.l.
sub lingua
under the tongue
ad lib.
ad libitum
as desired
s.o.s.
si opus sit
as needed (if there should be need)
stat.
statim
immediately
ut dict.
ut dictum
as directed (as stated)
c/
cum
with
s/
sine
without
B.A.
artium baccalaureus
bachelor of arts
B.S.
scientiae baccalaureus
bachelor of science
M.A.
magister artium
master of arts
M.D.
medicinae doctor
doctor of medicine
Ph.D.
philosophiae doctor
doctor of philosophy
latior, latius
latissimus, latissima, latissimum
broader
broadest
longior, longius
longissimus, longissima, longissimum
longer
longest
major, majus
maximus, maxima, maximum
greater, bigger, larger
greatest, biggest, largest
minor, minus
minimus, minima, minimum
smaller
smallest
anterior, anterius
farther forward
posterior, posterius
farther to the back
superior, superius
higher, upper
inferior, inferius
lower
exterior, exterius
outer, farther out
interior, interius
inner, closer to the middle
alb-
white
flav-
yellow
nigr-
black
purpur-
purple
rose-
red
rubr-
red
chlor-
green/yellow
cyan-
dark blue
eryth-, erythr-
red
glauc-
gray
leuk-
white
melan-
black
poli-
gray