Exam 2 Flashcards
alpha
Α α
a
beta
Β β
b
gamma
Γ γ
g
delta
Δ δ
d
epsilon
Ε ε
e
–> short e sound
zeta
Ζ ζ
z
eta
Η η
e
–> long e sound
theta
Θ θ
th
iota
Ι ι
i
kappa
Κ κ
c, k
lambda
Λ λ
l
mu
Μ μ
m
nu
Ν ν
n
xi
Ξ ξ
x
omicron
Ο ο
o
pi
Π π
p
rho
Ρ ρ
r, rh
sigma
Σ σ (ς)
s
tau
Τ τ
t
upsilon
Υ υ
u, y
phi
Φ φ
ph
chi
Χ χ
ch
psi
Ψ ψ
ps
omega
Ω ω
o
diacriticals
markings besides the letters themselves. give information about pronunciation and morphology and are an important feature of a Greek word’s spelling.
amphi-
both, around
ex: amphibian, amphitheater
anti-
ant-
against, opposite
ex: antacid, antitoxin
apo-
from, off, away
ex: apocalypse, apoplexy
dys-
bad, disordered, difficult
ex: dysentery, dysfunction
ec-
ex-
out, out of
ex: eclipse, exorcism
ecto-
exo-
outside, external
ex: ectomorph, ectothermic
eso-
inside, internal
ex: esophoria, esotropic
eu-
well, good, normal
ex: eugenic, euthenasia
hyper-
over, excessive, more than normal
ex: hyperacute, hyperglycemic
peri-
around, near
ex: pericardium, peritoneal
pro-
before, in front of, forward
ex: proerythroblast, proneural
pros-
toward, in addition to, fronting
ex: prosencephalic, prosthesis
acou-, acu-
to hear
bal-, ball- bol-, ble-
to throw, to put
bar-, bary-
weight, pressure, heavy
bi-
life
card-, cardi-
heart
chondr-
cartilage, granule
crani-
cranium
cri-
crin-
to separate
to secrete
cyt-
cell
eme-, emet-
to vomit
gam-
marriage
gen-, gene-, gon-,
gon-
to be produced
seed
hidro-
sweat
morph-
form, shape
neur-
nerve, tendon
pep-, peps-, pept-
to digest
pha-
to say
plex-
pleg-
stroke, blow
paralysis
psued-
false
rhythm-
rhythm
sep-
rotten
than-, thana- thanat-
death
therm-
heat
the-
to put, to place
top-
place
trop-, trep-
to turn (toward)
a-
an-
not, without
ana-
an-
up, back, again
cata-
cat-
down, against, according to
dia-
di-
through, across, between
en-
el-, em-
in, into, inward
endo-
ento-
within, inner
epi-
ep-
upon, on, to, in addition to
hypo-
hyp-
below, deficient, less than normal
meta-
met-
after, change, transfer
para-
par-
beside, resembling, disordered
syn-
syl-, sym-, sy-, sys-
with, together
alg-
pain
blast-
embryonic cell
cephal-
encephal-
head
brain
chrom-, chromat-
color
derm-, dermat-
skin
erg-
work
gaster-, gastr-
stomach
gno-
to know
hap-, hapt-
to grasp, to fasten
hydr-
water, fluid
ly-, lys-
to loosen, to dissolve
nephr-
kidney
od-
way, road
path-
disease, suffering, feeling
phy-
phyt-
to grow
plant, growth
phyll-
leaf
plas-, plast-
to form, to mold
scop-
to look at, to view
sta-
to stand, to stop
stal-, stol- -stle
to send, to contract
thalam-
chamber, room
thyr-
shield
tom-
to cut
ton-
stretching, tension
tox-
poison
troph-
nourishment
zyg-
yoke, joining
hemi-
1/2
mon-
1
di-
2
tri-
3
tetr-
4
pent-
5
hex-
6
hept-
7
oct-
8
enne-
9
dec-
10
hect-
100
kil-
1000
is-
equal, the same
macr-
large, long
mega(l)-
great, large
micr-
small
olig-
few
pan(t)-
all, complete
poly-
many
arch-, arche-
ancient, beginning
crypt-
hidden
cycl-
circle, wheel
dactyl-
finger, toe
gon-, goni-
angle
graph-
-gram
to write
thing written
hedr-
seat, plane
kary- (cary-)
nucleus
lith-
stone
man-, mani-
madness
mer-
part
mes-
middle
metr-, -meter
meter, measure
odont-
tooth
op-, opt-
eye, sight
organ-
instrument, organ
ox-, oxy-
sharp, quick
phag-
to eat
phil-
to love, to have an affinity for
phor-, pher-
to bear, to carry
pod-, -pus
foot
pto-
to fall
typ-
imprint, form
- al;
- ial
*adjectival
related to, belonging to
- an;
- ian
related to, similar to
- ic;
- tic, -ac
related to, similar to
-istic
related to, related to the process of
-ite
belonging to, similar to, derived from
- iod;
- ode
similar to, having the shape of
-ous
full of, related to, similar to
- tic;
- etic, -stic
related to the act or process of
- ate
* verbal
to make, to do something with
-ize
to make, to do something with
aden-
gland
aer-
air, gas
agon-
to compete, to strive
andr-
man, male
anthrop-
human being
asthm-, asthmat-
short breathing, panting
aster-, astr-
star
botan-
herb, plant
carp-
wrist
cau-, caus-, cauter-
to burn
cleid-
clavicle
cyst-
bladder, sac
ge-
earth
ger-, geront-
old person, old age
gyn-, gyne-, gynec-
woman, female
kine-
to move
lep-
to seize
mast-
breast
naus-
(sea) sickness
ped-
child, instruction
rhe-, -rrhea
rheum-, rheumat-
to flow
flowing, discharge
som-, somat-
body
spir-
coil
sthen-
strength
thorac-
chest
typh-
stupor
zo-
animal
- ia;
- y
*nominal
state of, condition of, quality of
-iasis
diseased condition of
- ism;
- ismus
condition of
-itis
inflammation of, inflammatory disease of
-ium
part, lining or enveloping tissue, region
- ma;
- m, -me
result of the act of
-osis
diseased condition of, act of, process of
- sis;
- sia, -sy, -se
act of, process of, result of the act of
-oma
tumor of, swelling of, diseased condition of, result of
arachn-
spider
arter-, arteri-
artery
arth-
joint
bronch-, bronchi-
air tube
carcin-
cancer
ede- (oede-)
to swell
eury-, eurys-, euryn-
wide
hepar-, hepat-
liver
hypn-
sleep
hyster-
uterus
laryng-
larynx
mne-
to remember
myel-
spinal cord, marrow
narc-
stupor
phob-
to fear
pne-, -pnea
pneum-, pneumat-
pneumon-
breathing
air, gas
lung
psor-
itch
ptery-, pteryg-
wing
sarc-
flesh
schiz, schis, schist-
to split, to rupture
sten-
narrow
tach-, tachy-
swift
trich-, -trhix
hair
- ete;
- t
*nominal
a person or thing doing
-ician
a specialist in, practitioner of
-ics, -tics
art, science, or study of
-ist
one who practices or partakes in
-ter
means of, place for
- isk, iscus
* dimunitive
little
-ium, ion
little
-idium, -idion
little
singular
hippopotamus
metanephros
topos
plural
hippopotamoi
metanephroi
topoi
singular
crisis
hypothesis
synthesis
plural
crises
hypotheses
syntheses
singular carcinoma schema stigma stoma
plural carcinomata schemata stigmata stomata
singular bacterium criterion ganglion phenomenon polyhedron protozoon
plural bacteria criteria ganglia phenomena polyhedra protozoa
singular meninx octopus phalanx rhinoceros
plural meninges octopodes phalanges rhinocerotes
all-
allel-
other, different
other, each other
bacter-
bacteria
cry-
cold
diet-, diete-
to regulate
esthe-, (aesthe-)
to feel, to perceive
galgli-
knot, mass of tissue
gyr-
ring, circle
iatr-
doctor, treatment
iod-
violet colored
irid-
iris, rainbow
lip-
fat, fatty tissue
log-
word, speech, study
men-
moon, menstruation
mening-
membrane
ophi-
snake
orth-
straight, correct
pharmac-
drug
psych-
mind, soul
pyg-
buttock
rhabd-
rod
sphinc-
to bind, to tighten
spor-
seed, spore
stig-, stigmat-
point, prick
techn-
art, skill
ur-, ure-
urine
compound suffix
a word ending comprised of a base and regular suffix. the base component is not technically a suffix, but there are some combinations of bases and suffixes that occur so frequently that they deserve to be treated as suffixes in their own right
-algia
condition of having pain in
-emia
condition of the blood
-mania
madness, obsession
-opia
condition of the vision
-philia
intense attraction to or love for
-phobia
intense fear or aversion to
-phoria
carrying or transporting
-sthenia
condition of strength
-tropia
turning or inclination
acr-
extremity, summit
argyr-
silver
aut-
self
chir-, cheir-
hand
chron-
time
copr-
excrement
gluc-, glyc-
sugar
hem-, hemat-
blood
heter-
other, different
hom-, home-
same, similar
necr-
corpse, dead tissue
ne-
new, young
nom-
rule, law; measure
orex-
appetite
ot-
ear
pale- (palae-)
old, ancient
platy-, platys-
broad, flat
pleur-
side, rib
spa-, spas-
to draw, to jerk
stere-
solid, three-dimensional
stom-, stomat-
mouth
therap-
to nurture, to treat
traum-, traumat-
injury, trauma
-ectomy
cutting out, removal
-graphy
writing, imaging
-logy
study or science of
-nomy
study or science of
-pathy
disease, disorder, feeling
-plasty
shaping, reconstructing
-stomy
cutting of an opening or mouth
-therapy
treatment
-tomy
cutting
-trophy
nourishment
angi-
vessel
antr-
cavity
blephar-
eyelid
cac-
bad
cheil-
lip
enter-
intestine
heli-
sun
ker-, kerat-
horn, cornea
lept-
thin, delicate
lymph-
water, lymph
nyct-
night
onc-
tumor, swelling
ophthalm-
eye
osm-
smell
ost-, oste-
bone
phleb-
vein
phon-
sound, voice
proct-
anus, rectum
pyl-, pyle- pylor-
gate, entrance, lower stomach
pyr-, pyret-
fire, fever
rhin, -rrhin-
nose
salpinx, salping-
tube
splen-
spleen
tac-, tax-
to order, to arrange
tele-
far away from, at a distance
trache-
rough, windpipe
-genesis
birth, origin
-kinesis
movement
-lysis
dissolution, breaking apart
-physis
growth
-stasis
condition, standing
-scope
instrument for viewing
-some
body, structure
-type
form, model, example
acanth-
thorn
brady-
slow
chol-, chole-
bile, gall
chyl-, chym-
juice
cly-, clys-
to wash
colp-
vagina
dacry-
tear
dynam-. dyn-
power
geu-
to taste
hol-
whole, entire
-ide
idea, mental image
idi-
one’s own, distinct
lapar-
abdomen
metr-
uterus
myc- mycet
fungus
oo-
egg
orch, orchi-, orchid-
testicle
pachy-
thick
parthen-
virgin
phan-, phaner-, phant- phen-
to appear, to show
phot-, phos-
light
rhiz-
root
sperm-, spermat-
semen, seed
splanchn-
entrails, viscera
steth-
chest
toc-
childbirth