Unit 4 Flashcards
Visual Analysis
A systematic form of data examination, characterized by visual inspection of graphical displays of those data.
In ABA, what does visual analysis allow for?
The evaluation of the effect(s), on behavior, of an experimental or clinical manipulation.
Typically, the data in visual analysis are presented as …
Repeated measurement over time.
Visual analysis involves these two basic processes:
Taking an overview of an entire data display, noting its general characteristics, and specific data inspection and analysis.
What two basic questions does visual analysis answer?
Was there a meaningful change in behavior and to what extent can the change be attributable to a specific environmental change?
Visual analysis has also been termed…
“Criterion by inspection.”
Three types of data display
1 - Data may be embedded in text. 2 - Data may be presented in a summary form, usually as a structured data table (a numerical representation of data). 3 - Data may be presented in a graphical form (a visual representation of data).
What is a graph?
A graph (AKA, “chart”) is a relatively simple visual format for displaying data.
Graphs provide…
Visual representations of relationships between a series of measurements and relevant variables.
Graphs are the major device used for
Organizing, summarizing, interpreting, and communicating the results of ABA.
Graphs provide ____ access to an ______ visual record of behavior and thus promote ____ evaluation.
Graphs provide immediate access to an on-going visual record of behavior and thus promote continuous evaluation.
What can lead to more complete analysis?
Unexpected variation in data.
Visual analysis tends to be _____ than statistical analysis.
More conservative.
Graphs provide visual feedback to
All involved, including the person whose data is being graphed and the individuals who are collecting the data.
What are the four types of graphic displays used in ABA?
Equal-Interval Line Graph, Cumulative Records, Bar Graph (Histogram), and Semi-logarithmic Graphs (e.g. Standard Celeration Chart).
What is the most commonly used graph in ABA?
Equal-Interval Line Graph.
What are four types of graphic displays not used in ABA?
Pie Charts, Area Charts, Radar Charts, and Full-logarithmic “log-log” graphs (log scales on both the X and Y axis).
Equal-Interval Line Graph
AKA The simple line graph. It is based on a Cartesian plan, a two dimensional area formed by the intersection of two perpendicular lines (+ shape)
Cartesian
Invented by Rene Descartes
In a simple line graph, any point within the plan of the chart represents
A specific relationship between the two variables (dimensions) measured along each of the axis lines
For ABA graphs, each point represents
A level (amount) of some quantifiable dimension of a target behavior, measured in relation to some point in time or environmental condition.
Line-graphs are used to
Evaluate treatment effectiveness and also in functional analyses
List the parts of an equal interval line graph
The horizontal x-axis, the vertical y-axis, data points, the data path, condition and phase change lines, condition and phase change labels, and figure legend.
What is the alternative name for the horizontal x-axis
Abscissa