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BEHP 5012 > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Fundamental Properties

A

Temporal Locus, Temporal Extent, Repeatability

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2
Q

A single response can reoccur, thus the fundamental property of:

A

Repeatability

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3
Q

A single response occurs at a point in time, thus the fundamental property of:

A

Temporal Locus

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4
Q

Which dimensional quantity is associated with temporal extent?

A

Duration

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5
Q

Which dimensional quantity is associated with repeatability?

A

Countability

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6
Q

IRT, Rate, and Celeration all share which fundamental properties?

A

Repeatability and Temporal Locus

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7
Q

Data

A

The quantitative results of deliberate, planned, and usually controlled observation.

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8
Q

Datum

A

Singular form of data.

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9
Q

Objective

A

Refers only to the observable.

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10
Q

Clear

A

Readable and unambiguous. Allows replication (technological)

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11
Q

Complete

A

Delineates boundaries of what is and what is not an instance of behavior

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12
Q

Characteristics of a good response definition

A

Objective, clear, and complete`

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13
Q

____ and ___ can be part of a response definition

A

Duration and latency

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14
Q

Continuous (direct) response measures

A

Directly measure a dimensional quantity of behavior

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15
Q

Discontinuous (indirect) response measures

A

Do not directly measure. Most measure occurrence vs. non-occurrence and thus measure a dimensionless quantity (usually percent)

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16
Q

Event (frequency) recording

A

Measures frequency and rate

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17
Q

Types of continuous response measures recordings

A

Event (frequency), latency, duration, IRT

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18
Q

What type of recording? Counting how many times someone bites another person.

A

Event (frequency) recording

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19
Q

What type of recording? Timing from when Karen last ate a meal to the next time she eats a meal.

A

IRT recording

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20
Q

What type of recording? Timing how long someone sucks their own thumb.

A

Duration recording

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21
Q

Event recording

A

Record time observation began, count the responses, record time observation ended, divide count/unit of time, report as rate per unit of time

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22
Q

When to use event recording

A

Free operants, response has a clear beginning and end.

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23
Q

Limitations to event recording

A

Behavior that occurs for long periods of time, discrete trials, high rates of behaviors

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24
Q

Event recording of restricted operants

A

Record time observation began, record each antecedent, record each response, record time ended, report as (responses/antecedents)/unit of time

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25
Two types of duration recordings
Duration per session and duration per occurrence
26
Duration per session
Total amount of time an individual engages in an activity (In a 1hr observation total number of minutes engaged in tantrum behavior)
27
Duration per occurrence
Amount of time a target behavior occupies (2 episodes of tantrum, 1st tantrum = 4 min, 2nd tantrum = 10 min
28
When to use duration recording
Behavior that occurs for long periods of time
29
Limitations to duration recording
Not sensitive to behavior that occurs often but not for long periods of time or that has unclear start and stop
30
Latency recording
Specify when to start the stopwatch (at the onset or offset of the stimulus). Specify when to stop the stopwatch (At the beginning or end of the response cycle)
31
When to use latency recording
To determine how much time occurs between the opportunity to respond and the response
32
Limitations to latency recording
Will not provide information concerning the accuracy of the response
33
IRT recording
Start timing at the END of the response cycle. Stop timing at the BEGINNING of the next response cycle
34
When to use IRT recording
When the time between responses is a concern
35
Limitations to IRT recording
Will not provide information concerning the accuracy of the response
36
Formula for estimating mean IRT's
Recording Interval/count
37
How many seconds are in one hour?
3600
38
When to estimate mean IRT
Responses are distributed across the observation period, no significant outliers, you know the rate
39
When not to estimate mean IRT
Responses are grouped at one point of the observation interval (beginning or end), significant outliers
40
If rate = 360 per hour, what is the best estimate of IRT?
10 seconds
41
If rate = 180 per hour, what is the best estimate of IRT?
20 seconds
42
Percent occurrence
Similar to event recording of a restricted or discriminated operant, but converted into a percent. Percent correct is a special case of percent occurrence.
43
When to use percent occurrence
Interested in a proportion of correct responses
44
Limitations of percent occurrence
Not a dimensional quantity or there are insufficient opportunities to respond
45
Trials-to-Criterion
The number of consecutive opportunities to respond required to achieve a performance standard. Record each opportunity to respond until the performance standard is met.
46
Trials-to-Criterion Steps
Determine what one trial will be (untied shoes), decide how to report (number of trials or number of block trials), record count as the measure, present data
47
When to use Trials-to-Criterion
Evaluate the efficacy of different teaching strategies, assessing learner competence
48
Limitations to Trials-to-Criterion
Behavior that is difficult to count
49
Discrete Categorization (Coding)
A method of classifying responses into discrete categories. Expressed as % of responses for each code
50
When to use Discrete Categorization
Severity codes, independence codes
51
Limitations to Discrete Categorization
Not dimensional quantities
52
Partial Interval Recording
A discontinuous response measure in which a recording session is broken up into short intervals of time (usually 10 to 20 seconds). Response is recorded as occurring if it occurs at any time during the interval.
53
Partial Interval Recording is reported as
Percent of intervals
54
When to use partial interval recording
Very high frequency of target behavior. Ease of data collection.
55
Limitations to partial interval recording
Prone to errors in estimation of actual target behavior, length of interval
56
Whole interval recording
A discontinuous response measure in which a recording session is broken into short intervals of time and is recorded as occurring if it occurs during the entire (whole) interval. Recorded as percent intervals
57
When to use whole interval recording
Behavior occurs over long periods of time, ease of data collection
58
Limitations of whole interval recording
Prone to errors in estimation of actual target behavior
59
Momentary Time Sampling
A discontinuous response measure in which a response is recorded as occurring only if it occurs at the point of time in which an interval ends.
60
When to use Momentary Time Sampling
When continuous observation is not feasible
61
Limitations to momentary time sampling
Prone to errors in estimation of actual target behavior, low frequency/short duration of behavior
62
PLACHECK
Planned Activity Check. A special case of momentary time sampling.
63
Describe PLACHECK
A group of individuals is observed at the end of an interval. Count how many individuals are engaging in the target behavior. Compare with the total number of individuals.
64
When to use PLACHECK`
When there is a group of individuals
65
Limitations to PLACHECK
Prone to errors in estimation of actual target behavior
66
Errors WIR is prone to
Underestimates
67
Errors PIR is prone to
Overestimates or underestimates
68
Errors MTS is prone to
Overestimates or underestimates
69
Factors to consider when selecting a response measure
(DQ/ER/RvE/WWWH/R) The dimensional quantity of interest, the estimated rate of behavior, whether to measure responses or episodes, where to collect data, when and how often and how long, who will collect the data, the resources available, how will the data be uses.
70
Permanent products
If a behavior has a consist effect on the environment, it can be measured by the effect (sheets completed, gold balls on the green, dirty diapers)
71
When to use permanent products
Behavior leaves a product to be measured, on-going data collection is difficult
72
Limitations to permanent products
Real-time observations may be needed, lose information about the behavior.
73
Interobserver agreement
The coefficient of agreement between two or more independent observers.
74
How is IOA usually calculated?
As a percentage by dividing the number of agreements by the total number of agreements plus the disagreements
75
Uses for IOA
Competence of new observers, detecting observer drift, validate collection methods, increase confidence that interventions are responsible for the behavior change
76
Independent Variable (IV) integrity
The degree to which an intervention is implemented as described/designated (This is often termed treatment integrity or procedural fidelity)
77
The two main methods of determining IOA
Total count and percent agreement
78
Total count in IOA is calculated by
(Smaller/Larger) x 100
79
Percent agreement in IOA is calculated by
(Agreements/Agreements+Disagreements) x 100
80
Percent agreement in IOA is used primarily for
Indirect measurement methods
81
Total Count IOA has this flaw:
There is no guarantee that the data were collected at the same time
82
Mean count per interval
Total agreement in each interval/Number of Intervals
83
Exact Count per interval
of intervals with 100% agreement/Number of intervals
84
IOA Duration
Shorter duration/longer duration
85
Interval-by-interval
(Number of intervals agreed/number of intervals agreed+disagreed) x 100
86
Scored Intervals
Intervals are only scored if an observer marked an occurrence. Intervals where both observers agree there was no occurrence are omitted
87
Unscored intervals
Only intervals are scored if an observer did not mark an occurrence. Intervals where both observers agree there was an occurrence are omitted. Most appropriate for high-frequency behaviors
88
IOA should be at or above..
80%
89
IOA should be collected and scored for a minimum of ___ of observations
33%

BEHP 5012 (7 decks)

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