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BEHP 5012 > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Fundamental Properties

A

Temporal Locus, Temporal Extent, Repeatability

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2
Q

A single response can reoccur, thus the fundamental property of:

A

Repeatability

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3
Q

A single response occurs at a point in time, thus the fundamental property of:

A

Temporal Locus

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4
Q

Which dimensional quantity is associated with temporal extent?

A

Duration

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5
Q

Which dimensional quantity is associated with repeatability?

A

Countability

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6
Q

IRT, Rate, and Celeration all share which fundamental properties?

A

Repeatability and Temporal Locus

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7
Q

Data

A

The quantitative results of deliberate, planned, and usually controlled observation.

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8
Q

Datum

A

Singular form of data.

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9
Q

Objective

A

Refers only to the observable.

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10
Q

Clear

A

Readable and unambiguous. Allows replication (technological)

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11
Q

Complete

A

Delineates boundaries of what is and what is not an instance of behavior

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12
Q

Characteristics of a good response definition

A

Objective, clear, and complete`

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13
Q

____ and ___ can be part of a response definition

A

Duration and latency

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14
Q

Continuous (direct) response measures

A

Directly measure a dimensional quantity of behavior

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15
Q

Discontinuous (indirect) response measures

A

Do not directly measure. Most measure occurrence vs. non-occurrence and thus measure a dimensionless quantity (usually percent)

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16
Q

Event (frequency) recording

A

Measures frequency and rate

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17
Q

Types of continuous response measures recordings

A

Event (frequency), latency, duration, IRT

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18
Q

What type of recording? Counting how many times someone bites another person.

A

Event (frequency) recording

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19
Q

What type of recording? Timing from when Karen last ate a meal to the next time she eats a meal.

A

IRT recording

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20
Q

What type of recording? Timing how long someone sucks their own thumb.

A

Duration recording

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21
Q

Event recording

A

Record time observation began, count the responses, record time observation ended, divide count/unit of time, report as rate per unit of time

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22
Q

When to use event recording

A

Free operants, response has a clear beginning and end.

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23
Q

Limitations to event recording

A

Behavior that occurs for long periods of time, discrete trials, high rates of behaviors

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24
Q

Event recording of restricted operants

A

Record time observation began, record each antecedent, record each response, record time ended, report as (responses/antecedents)/unit of time

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25
Q

Two types of duration recordings

A

Duration per session and duration per occurrence

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26
Q

Duration per session

A

Total amount of time an individual engages in an activity (In a 1hr observation total number of minutes engaged in tantrum behavior)

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27
Q

Duration per occurrence

A

Amount of time a target behavior occupies (2 episodes of tantrum, 1st tantrum = 4 min, 2nd tantrum = 10 min

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28
Q

When to use duration recording

A

Behavior that occurs for long periods of time

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29
Q

Limitations to duration recording

A

Not sensitive to behavior that occurs often but not for long periods of time or that has unclear start and stop

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30
Q

Latency recording

A

Specify when to start the stopwatch (at the onset or offset of the stimulus). Specify when to stop the stopwatch (At the beginning or end of the response cycle)

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31
Q

When to use latency recording

A

To determine how much time occurs between the opportunity to respond and the response

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32
Q

Limitations to latency recording

A

Will not provide information concerning the accuracy of the response

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33
Q

IRT recording

A

Start timing at the END of the response cycle. Stop timing at the BEGINNING of the next response cycle

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34
Q

When to use IRT recording

A

When the time between responses is a concern

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35
Q

Limitations to IRT recording

A

Will not provide information concerning the accuracy of the response

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36
Q

Formula for estimating mean IRT’s

A

Recording Interval/count

37
Q

How many seconds are in one hour?

A

3600

38
Q

When to estimate mean IRT

A

Responses are distributed across the observation period, no significant outliers, you know the rate

39
Q

When not to estimate mean IRT

A

Responses are grouped at one point of the observation interval (beginning or end), significant outliers

40
Q

If rate = 360 per hour, what is the best estimate of IRT?

A

10 seconds

41
Q

If rate = 180 per hour, what is the best estimate of IRT?

A

20 seconds

42
Q

Percent occurrence

A

Similar to event recording of a restricted or discriminated operant, but converted into a percent. Percent correct is a special case of percent occurrence.

43
Q

When to use percent occurrence

A

Interested in a proportion of correct responses

44
Q

Limitations of percent occurrence

A

Not a dimensional quantity or there are insufficient opportunities to respond

45
Q

Trials-to-Criterion

A

The number of consecutive opportunities to respond required to achieve a performance standard. Record each opportunity to respond until the performance standard is met.

46
Q

Trials-to-Criterion Steps

A

Determine what one trial will be (untied shoes), decide how to report (number of trials or number of block trials), record count as the measure, present data

47
Q

When to use Trials-to-Criterion

A

Evaluate the efficacy of different teaching strategies, assessing learner competence

48
Q

Limitations to Trials-to-Criterion

A

Behavior that is difficult to count

49
Q

Discrete Categorization (Coding)

A

A method of classifying responses into discrete categories. Expressed as % of responses for each code

50
Q

When to use Discrete Categorization

A

Severity codes, independence codes

51
Q

Limitations to Discrete Categorization

A

Not dimensional quantities

52
Q

Partial Interval Recording

A

A discontinuous response measure in which a recording session is broken up into short intervals of time (usually 10 to 20 seconds). Response is recorded as occurring if it occurs at any time during the interval.

53
Q

Partial Interval Recording is reported as

A

Percent of intervals

54
Q

When to use partial interval recording

A

Very high frequency of target behavior. Ease of data collection.

55
Q

Limitations to partial interval recording

A

Prone to errors in estimation of actual target behavior, length of interval

56
Q

Whole interval recording

A

A discontinuous response measure in which a recording session is broken into short intervals of time and is recorded as occurring if it occurs during the entire (whole) interval. Recorded as percent intervals

57
Q

When to use whole interval recording

A

Behavior occurs over long periods of time, ease of data collection

58
Q

Limitations of whole interval recording

A

Prone to errors in estimation of actual target behavior

59
Q

Momentary Time Sampling

A

A discontinuous response measure in which a response is recorded as occurring only if it occurs at the point of time in which an interval ends.

60
Q

When to use Momentary Time Sampling

A

When continuous observation is not feasible

61
Q

Limitations to momentary time sampling

A

Prone to errors in estimation of actual target behavior, low frequency/short duration of behavior

62
Q

PLACHECK

A

Planned Activity Check. A special case of momentary time sampling.

63
Q

Describe PLACHECK

A

A group of individuals is observed at the end of an interval. Count how many individuals are engaging in the target behavior. Compare with the total number of individuals.

64
Q

When to use PLACHECK`

A

When there is a group of individuals

65
Q

Limitations to PLACHECK

A

Prone to errors in estimation of actual target behavior

66
Q

Errors WIR is prone to

A

Underestimates

67
Q

Errors PIR is prone to

A

Overestimates or underestimates

68
Q

Errors MTS is prone to

A

Overestimates or underestimates

69
Q

Factors to consider when selecting a response measure

A

(DQ/ER/RvE/WWWH/R) The dimensional quantity of interest, the estimated rate of behavior, whether to measure responses or episodes, where to collect data, when and how often and how long, who will collect the data, the resources available, how will the data be uses.

70
Q

Permanent products

A

If a behavior has a consist effect on the environment, it can be measured by the effect (sheets completed, gold balls on the green, dirty diapers)

71
Q

When to use permanent products

A

Behavior leaves a product to be measured, on-going data collection is difficult

72
Q

Limitations to permanent products

A

Real-time observations may be needed, lose information about the behavior.

73
Q

Interobserver agreement

A

The coefficient of agreement between two or more independent observers.

74
Q

How is IOA usually calculated?

A

As a percentage by dividing the number of agreements by the total number of agreements plus the disagreements

75
Q

Uses for IOA

A

Competence of new observers, detecting observer drift, validate collection methods, increase confidence that interventions are responsible for the behavior change

76
Q

Independent Variable (IV) integrity

A

The degree to which an intervention is implemented as described/designated (This is often termed treatment integrity or procedural fidelity)

77
Q

The two main methods of determining IOA

A

Total count and percent agreement

78
Q

Total count in IOA is calculated by

A

(Smaller/Larger) x 100

79
Q

Percent agreement in IOA is calculated by

A

(Agreements/Agreements+Disagreements) x 100

80
Q

Percent agreement in IOA is used primarily for

A

Indirect measurement methods

81
Q

Total Count IOA has this flaw:

A

There is no guarantee that the data were collected at the same time

82
Q

Mean count per interval

A

Total agreement in each interval/Number of Intervals

83
Q

Exact Count per interval

A

of intervals with 100% agreement/Number of intervals

84
Q

IOA Duration

A

Shorter duration/longer duration

85
Q

Interval-by-interval

A

(Number of intervals agreed/number of intervals agreed+disagreed) x 100

86
Q

Scored Intervals

A

Intervals are only scored if an observer marked an occurrence. Intervals where both observers agree there was no occurrence are omitted

87
Q

Unscored intervals

A

Only intervals are scored if an observer did not mark an occurrence. Intervals where both observers agree there was an occurrence are omitted. Most appropriate for high-frequency behaviors

88
Q

IOA should be at or above..

A

80%

89
Q

IOA should be collected and scored for a minimum of ___ of observations

A

33%

BEHP 5012 (7 decks)

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