Unit 4

Question 1

Stomata

Answer 1

Small opening in the epidermis of a plant that allows CO2, H2O, and oxygen to diffuse int and out of the leaf

Question 2

Guard cells

Answer 2

Specialized cells in the epidermis of plants that controls the opening and closing of stomata

Question 3

Fruit

Answer 3

Structure in angiosperms that contains one or more matured ovaries

Question 4

Xylem

Answer 4

Vascular tissue that carries water upward from the roots to every part of the plant

Question 5

Phloem

Answer 5

Vascular tissue that transports solutions of nutrients and carbohydrates produced by the photosynthesis through the plant

Question 6

Seed

Answer 6

Plant embryo and a food supply encased in a protective covering

Question 7

Spore

Answer 7

In prokaryotes, protists, and fungi, any of a variety of thick-walled life cycle stages capable of surviving unfavourable conditions

Question 8

Sporophyte

Answer 8

Spore-producing plant; the multicellular diploid phase of a plant life cycle

Question 9

Gametophyte

Answer 9

Gamete-producing plant; multicellular haploid phase of a plant life cycle

Question 10

Ovary

Answer 10

In plants, the structure that surrounds and protects seeds

Question 11

Embryo

Answer 11

Developing stage of a multicellular organism

Question 12

Cotyledon

Answer 12

First leaf or first pair of leaves produced by the embryo of a seed plant

Question 13

Pollen tube

Answer 13

Structure in a plant that contains two haploid sperm nuclei

Question 14

Pollination

Answer 14

Transfer of pollen from he male reproductive structure to the female reproductive structure

Question 15

Germination

Answer 15

Resumption of growth of the plant embryo following dormancy

Question 16

Petiole

Answer 16

Thin stalk that connects the blade of a leaf to a stem

Question 17

Transpiration

Answer 17

Loss of water from a plant through its leaves

Question 18

Archegonium

Answer 18

Structure in plants that produces egg cells

Question 19

Antheridium

Answer 19

Male reproductive structure in some plants that produces sperm

Question 20

What are some adaptions that plants have made?

Answer 20

1) thin leaves and thick cuticle (conserves water loss)
2) broad leaves (capture sunlight)
3) carnivorous (in nitrogen poor locations)
4) parasitic (uses a host for necessary minerals)

Question 21

What is the chemical formula for photosynthesis?

Answer 21

Carbon dioxide + water —> sugars + oxygen

6CO2 + 6H2O —> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 22

What are some examples of non-vascular seedless plants?

Answer 22

Mosses, liverwarts, and hornwarts

Question 23

What are some characteristics of non-vascular seedless plants?

Answer 23

—Multicellular plants that require photosynthesis

—lack vascular tissue (require water for reproduction)

Question 24

What is an example of a vascular seedless plant?

Answer 24

FERN

Question 25

What are some characteristics of a vascular seedless plants?

Answer 25

Vascular tissue for transport and sport (xylem and phloem)

Question 26

What are some examples of seed plants?

Answer 26

Conifers! (Gymnosperms)

Flowering plants! (Angiosperms)

Question 27

Characteristics of seed plants?

Answer 27

Gymnosperms
—Vascular plants with “naked” seeds in cones
—wind pollination aids in reproduction
—very hardy, retains water easily

Angiosperms
—produce fruits!
—monocots or (eu)dicots

Question 28

What’s the difference between taproots and fibrous roots?

Answer 28

—Taproots are found mainly in dicots (one main vehicle root)

—Fibrous roots are found mainly in monocots (branching off)

Question 29

What are the three types of tissue systems in roots?

Answer 29

—dermal tissue
—ground tissue
—vascular tissue

Question 30

What are the three main functions of stems?

Answer 30

1) to produce leaves, branches, and flowers
2) to hold up leaves to the sun
3) to transport substances through the plant

Question 31

What do leaves do to catch sunlight?

Answer 31

The main part of the leaf (the blade) catch sunlight