Unit 1

Question 1

Biology

Answer 1

The study of living things and their interactions

Question 2

Genetics

Answer 2

The study of heredity

Question 3

Heredity

Answer 3

The passing of traits from parent to offspring

Question 4

Inherited traits

Answer 4

Characteristics that you inherit from your parents

Hair colour, eye colour, height, skin tone

Question 5

Acquired traits

Answer 5

Traits that you acquire from life

Scars, callouses, knowledge

Question 6

What type of organisms pass on inherited traits?

Answer 6

Any organism that reproduce sexually

Question 7

When was Gregor Mendel born?

Answer 7

1822 (Austria)

Question 8

What is a nickname for Mendel?

Answer 8

Father of Genetics/Heredity

Question 9

What plants did Mendel study, and why?

Answer 9

Pea plants,

They were inexpensive and easy to keep track of traits

Question 10

What are Mendel’s laws?

Answer 10

1. The law of dominance
2. The law of segregation
3. The law of independent assortment

Question 11

Law of dominance

Answer 11

Some traits mask other traits when both appear in the parents

Question 12

Law of segregation

Answer 12

During the formation of reproductive cells, genes separate and recombine

Question 13

Law of independent assortment

Answer 13

Each trait is inherited independent of one another

Question 14

Monohybrid crosses

Answer 14

One trait cross

Question 15

Dihybrid crosses

Answer 15

Two traits are crossed

Question 16

What are the three non-Mendelian inheritance patterns?

Answer 16

1. Incomplete dominance
2. Co-dominance and multiple alleles
3. Sex-linked traits

Question 17

Incomplete dominance

Answer 17

Two alleles are equally dominant and, when both are inherited by an organism, are both present in a combined state
(Red snapdragon + white snapdragon = pink snapdragon)

Question 18

What are the two ways to symbolize incomplete dominance traits?

Answer 18

1. Rr

2. C^rC^w

Question 19

Co-dominance and multiple alleles

Answer 19

Two alleles may contribute equally in the offspring and are both dominant
(Erminette chickens)

Question 20

What is co-dominance often used to determine possibilities?

Answer 20

Blood types!

Question 21

Sex-linked traits

Answer 21

Traits that are inherited on the X and Y chromosomes

Question 22

What are some examples of sex-linked traits?

Answer 22

1. Colour-blindness

2. Hemophilia (thin blood)

Question 23

When determining possible crosses for sex-linked traits, how are the traits symbolized?

Answer 23

Traits are symbolized on the X chromosome;

A female can be a carrier, display the trait, or not have it at all, while a male can only have it or not have it

Question 24

Test cross

Answer 24

Determines the genotype of a dominant phenotype trait

Question 25

Pedigree

Answer 25

A diagram that shows the occurrence and appearance, or phenotype of a particular genetic trait from one generation to the next within a biological family

Question 26

Meiosis

Answer 26

The production of gametes in the sex organs

Question 27

What cells are found in the ovary?

Answer 27

Oogonial

Question 28

What kind of cells are found in the testes

Answer 28

Spermatogonial

Question 29

Homologous

Answer 29

Chromosomes in which ones set comes from the male parent and one set comes from the female parent.

Question 30

Diploid

Answer 30

A cell that contains two sets of homologous pairs

Question 31

Haploid

Answer 31

Cell that contains only a single set of genes

Question 32

Human genetic disorders

Answer 32

Some disorders are associated with a gene found on a chromosome

Question 33

Nondisjunction

Answer 33

The most common error in meiosis

Homologous chromosomes fail to separate